FUMARIACE.fi. (FUMITORY FAMILY.) 59 



less. Annuals or biennials, with saffron-colored juice, clasping leaves, and 

 solitary yellow flowers. (The Greek name, J\O.VKIOV, from the glaucous 

 foliage.) 



G. I.UTKTM, Scop. Lower leaves pinnatifid ; upper ones sinuate-lobed and 

 toothed, cordate-clasping; pods rough (6-10' long). Waste places S. E. 

 New Eng., Md., and Va. ; not common. (Adv. from Eu.) 



5. PAP AVER, Tourn. POPPY. 



Sepals mostly 2. Petals mostly 4. Stigmas united in a flat 4-20-rayed 

 crown, resting on the summit of the ovary and capsule ; the latter short 

 and turbid, with 4 - 20 many-seeded placenta: projecting like imperfect par- 

 titions, opening bv as many pores or chinks under the edge of the stigma. 

 Herbs with a white juice ; the flu\ver-buds nodding. (Derivation obscure.) 

 Three annual species of the < ld World are sparingly adventive ; viz. : 



P. SOMNT'KKKI M, L. (COMMON POPPY.) SmootA, glaucous; leaves clasp- 

 ing, waw, incised and toothed; j>wl r/lntMisi' ; corolla mostly white or purple. 

 Near dwellings in some places. (Adv. from Eu.) 



P. nfT.TTM, L. (SMoorii-KKfiTKi) CouN-Poi-p v .) Pinnatifid leaves and 

 the long stalks Irixtlii ; //.s rlitl>-sli(i/ird. amiHit/i .- corolla li^ht scarlet. Cult. 

 grounds, \\"estrhest< r, renn.. anil southward; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) 



P. AKGE.MONK, L. (RoUGH-FRUITJED C.) Smaller, with rincr-cut leaves 

 and paler flowers than the last ; ]in<h i-/ulj-s/t(ij>ed and bristly. Waste grounds, 

 near Philadelphia. (Adv. from Ku.) 



6. AR GEM ONE, L. PUICKLY POI-I-Y. 



Sepals 2 or 3, often prickly. 1'ctals 4-6. Style almost none; stigmas 

 3-0, radiate. Pod oblong, prickly, opening by 3-6 valves at the top. Seeds 

 crested. Annuals or biennials, with prickly bristles and yellow juice. Leaves 

 sessile, sinuate-lobed, and with prickly teeth, often blotched with white. 

 Flower-buds erect, short-pedunclcd. (Name from &pyffj.a. a disease of the eye, 

 for which the juice of a plant s'> called by the Greeks was a supposed remedy.) 



1. A. platyceras, Link ai Otto. Setose-hispid all over; petals white, 

 li-2' long; capsule armed with stout spines. Central Kan. and Neb., south 

 and westward. 



A. Mr.xn \v\, L. (Mi:\n'\\ P.) Flowers yellow, rarely white. Waste 

 places, southward. .Inly -Oct. (Adv. from tr>p. Amer.) 



ORDER 9. FUMARIACExE. (FUMITORY FAMILY.) 



Delicate smooth herbs, with wateri/ juice, rninjionml i/i.^ected leaves, 

 irrcffiilnr Jlotcers, with 4 someirhdt united pctnls, 6 diadelphous stamens, 

 find 2-merous pods and steeds like those of the Poppy Family. Sepals 2, 

 small anil scale-like. Corolla flattened, closed ; the 4 petals in two pairs; 

 the outer with spreading tips, and one or both of them spurred or saccate 

 at the base ; inner pair narrower, and their callous crested tips united 

 over the stigma. Stamens in two sets of 3 each, placed opposite the 

 larger petals, hypogynous ; their filaments often united; middle anther 

 of each set 2-celled, the lateral ones 1-celled. Pod 1-celled, either 1-seeded 

 and indehiscent, or several-seeded with 2 parietal placenta? and deciduous 

 valves. Leaves delicate, usually alternate, without stipules. Slightly 

 bitter, innocent plants. 



