80 viOLACE.t. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 



Var. renifolia, Gray. Slightly or strongly pubescent with soft spread- 

 ing hairs ; leaves round-renif orm ; petals usually beardless. (V. renifolia, 

 Gray.) Maine to Mass., western X. Y., Lake Superior, etc. 



8. V. primulsefolia, L. (PRIMKOSE-LEAVED V.) Smooth or a little 

 pubescent ; leaves oblong or ovate, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base; petals often acute, the lateral ones usually sparingly bearded. Damp 

 or dry soil, X. Eng. to Fla., toward the coast. 



9. V. lanceolata, L. (LAXCE-LEAVED VIOLET.) Smooth; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long-margined petiole, almost entire ; 

 petals beardless. Damp soil ; common, especially eastward. 



= = = flowers yellow. 



10. V. rotundifolia, Michx. (BOUXD-LEAVED VIOLET.) Leaves round- 

 ovate, heart-shaped, slightly creuate ; lateral petals bearded and marked with 

 brown lines ; spur very short. Cold woods, Maine to Minn., and south along 

 the Alleghanies. Smoothish; leaves 1' broad at flowering, increasing to 3 

 or 4' in the summer, then lying flat on the ground, shining above. 



* # Leafy-stemmed ; all perennial with short rootstocks. 

 *- Low, at flrst nearly stemless ; flowers yellow ; stigma concave, bearded. 



11. V. Nuttallii, Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly creuate, decurrent on the petiole. 

 Central Kansas and westward. 



-i- -i- Stems erect, wit/tout root-leaves; stipules entire; spur very short; stigma 



ieakless, pubescent. 



w- Sterns naked beloic ; flowers yellow. 



12. V. pubescens, Ait. (Dowxr YELLOW V.) Softly pubescent (6- 

 12' high) ; leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed; stip- 

 ules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; lower petals veined with purple, capsule 

 oblong to globular, glabrous or tomentose. Woods, common. Var. SCA- 

 BRU'SCULA, Torr. & Gray, smaller and greener, slightly pubescent (4-10' 

 high). B. I. to Ky., and southwestward. 



13. V. hastata, Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED V.) Nearly glabrous, slen- 

 der (4-10' high) ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly 

 serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, small. Woods, X. Ohio (near Painesville, 

 Miss Shattuck), mountains of Penn., and southward ,- rare. 



*+ >-* Stems more leafy and prolonged ; flowers ichite or purplish 



14. V. Canadensis, L. (CANADA V.) Upright (1-2 high); leaves 

 heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white or 

 whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 

 bearded. Eich woods ; common northward and along the AUeghanies. 

 May -Aug. 



-i i- -i- Stems erect or spreading (at flrst nearly acaulescent) : stipules fringe- 

 toothed ; spur oblong to cylindrical; stigma naked. 



15. V. Striata, Ait. (PALEV.) Stems angular, ascending (6- 10' high); 

 leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; stipules oblong-lanceolate, 

 large ; spur thickish, much shorter than the cream-colored or white petals, the 



