180 HAMAMELIDEJE. (WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY.) 



borne on the margin of the calyx in one row, all alike ; filaments very long, 

 thickened at the top (white). Styles 2, slender. Capsule cohering with the 

 base of the calyx, 2-lobed, 2-celled, with a single bony seed in each cell. A 

 low shrub ; the oval or obovate leaves smooth, or hoary underneath, toothed at 

 the summit ; the flowers appearing rather before the leaves, each partly covered 

 by a scale-like bract. (Dedicated to the distinguished Dr. John FothergilL) 



1. F. Garden!, L. (F. aluifolia, //./.) Low grounds, Va. to N. C. 

 April, May. 



3. LIQUIDAMBAR, L. SWEET-GUM TREE. 



Flowers usually monoecious, in globular heads or catkins ; the sterile arranged 

 in a conical cluster, naked ; stamens very numerous, intermixed with minute 

 scales ; filaments short. Fertile flowers consisting of many 2-celled 2-beaked 

 ovaries, subtended by minute scales in place of a calyx, all more or less cohering 

 together and hardening in fruit, forming a spherical catkin or head ; the cap- 

 sules opening between the 2 awl-shaped beaks. Styles 2, stigmatic down the 

 inner side. Ovules many, but only one or two perfecting. Seeds with a wing- 

 angled seed-coat. Catkins racemed, nodding, in the bud enclosed by a 4-leaved 

 deciduous involucre. (A mongrel name, from Uijuidus, fluid, and the Arabic 

 amhar, amber; in allusion to the fragrant terebinthine juice which exudes 

 from the tree.) 



1. L. Styraciflua, L. (SWEET GUM. BILSTEO.) Leaves rounded, 

 deeply 5- 7-lobed, smooth and shining, glandular-serrate, the lobes pointed. 

 Moist woods, from Conn, to S. 111., and south to Fla. and Tex. April. A 

 large and beautiful tree, with fine-grained wood, the gray bark commonly with 

 corky ridges on the branchlets. Leaves fragrant when bruised, turning deep 

 crimson in autumn. The woody pods filled mostly with abortive seeds, re- 

 sembliug sawdust. 



ORDER 39. HALOKAGE^E. (AVATER-MiLFOiL FAMILY.) 



Aquatic or marsh plants (at least in northern countries'), with the incon- 

 spicuous symmetrical (perfect or unisexual) flowers sessile in the axils of 

 leaves Or bracts, calyx-tube coherent with the ovary (or calyx and corolla 

 wanting in Callitriche), which consists of 2-4 more or less united carpels 

 (or in Hippuris of only one carpel), the styles or sessile stiamas distinct. 

 Limb of the calyx obsolete or very short in fertile flowers. Petals small 

 or none. Stamens 1 8. Fruit indehiscent, 1 4-celled, with a single 

 anatropous seed suspended from the summit of each cell. Embryo in the 



axis of fleshy albumen ; cotyledons minute. 







1. Myriophyllum. Flowers monoecious or polygamous, the parts in fours, with or with- 

 out petals. Stamens 4 or 8. Leaves often whorled, the immersed pinnately dissected. 



2 Proserpinaca. Flowers perfect, the parts in threes. Petals none. Leaves alternate, 

 the immersed pinnately dissected. 



3. Hippnris. Flowers usually perfect. Petals none. Stamen, style, and cell of the ovary 



only one. Leaves entire, in whorls. 



4. Callitriclie. Flowers monoj'.uous. Calyx and petals none. Stamen 1. Ovary 4-celled, 



with 2 filiform styles. Leaves entire, opposite. 



