226 RUBIACE.E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



very numerous, paniculate, yellow ; fruit usually smooth. Dry fields, E. Mass. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. MOLLUGO, L. Perennial, smooth throughout ; stems erect or diffuse, 

 2 or 3 long ; leaves 8, or 6 on the branchlets, uhlanceolate to nearly linear ; 

 flowers very numerous in ample almost leafless panicles ; fruit smooth. 

 Eoadsides and fields, N. Y. and Penn. (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. ANGLICUM, Huds. Annual, slender, diffuse, seldom 1 high, glabrous; 

 leaves 5- 7, oblanceolate to nearly linear (3" long), their margins and the 

 angles of the stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, cymulose on leafy 

 branches, greenish-white, very small ; fruit glabrous, more or less tuberculate. 

 Roadsides, Bedford Co., Va. (Curtiss). (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. TRICORNE, With. Annual, resembling G. Aparine, rather stout, with 

 simple branches ; leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-mucronate, the margins 

 and stem retrorsely prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly in clusters of 3, dull white; 

 fruits rather large, tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. Fields, east- 

 ward. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. Indigenous species; fruit dry. 



* Annual; leaves about 8 in a whorl; peduncles 1 -3-flowered, axillary ; fruit 



bristly with hooked prickles. 



1. G. Aparine, L. (CLEAVERS. GOOSE-GRASS.) Stem weak and re- 

 clining, bristle-prickly backward, hairy at the joints; leaves lanceolate, taper- 

 ing to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib (1-2' long) ; 

 flowers white. Shaded grounds, throughout the continent ; probably as an 

 introduced plant eastward. 



* * Perennials; leaves in 4's, comparatively large, and broad (narrower in n. 7 



and 8), not cuspidate-pointed, more or less distinctly 3-nerued ; fruit uncinate- 

 hispid (except in n. 6 and 7). 



H- Peduncles loosely 3 several-flowered ; flowers dull purple to yellowish-white. 



2. G. pil6sum, Ait. Hairy; leaves oval, dotted, hairy (!' long), the lat- 

 eral nerves obscure; peduncles 2-3-forked, the flowers all pedicelled. Dry 

 copses, 11. I. and Vt. to 111., E. Kan., and southward. 



Var. puncticuldsum, Torr. & Gray. Almost glabrous ; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-ciliate. Va. to Tex. 



3. G. Kamtschaticum, Steller. Stems weak, mainly glabrous (1 

 high); leaves orbicular to oblong-ovate, thin (-!' long), slightly pilose; 

 flowers slenderly pedicellate; corolla glabrous, yellowish-white, not turning 

 dark, its lobes merely acute. (G. circaezans, var. montanum, Torr. $ Gray.) 

 Higher mountains of N. Eng., L. Canada, and far westward. (Asia.) 



4. G. circsezans, Michx. (WILD LIQUORICE.) Smooth or downy (1 

 high) ; leaves oval, varying to ovate-oblong, mostly obtuse, ciliate (1 - 1-J' long) ,' 

 peduncles usually once forked, the branches elongated and widely diverging in 

 fruit, bearing several remote flowers on ven/ short lateral pedicels, reflexed in 

 fruit; lobes of the greenish corolla hairy outside, acute or acuminate. Rich 

 woods, N. Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex. 



5. G. lanceolatnm, Torr. (WILD LIQUORICE.) Nearly glabrous; 

 leaves (except the lowest) lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the apex (2' 

 long); corolla glabrous, yellowish turning dull purple, lobes more acuminate; 

 otherwise like the last. Dry woods, N. Eng. to N. Mich, and Minn. 



6. G. Iatif61ium, Michx. Smooth (1-2 high); leaves lanceolate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute (2' long), the midrib and margins rough ; cymes panicled, 



