RUBIACE.E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 227 



loosely many-flowered, the purple flowers on slender spreading pedicels ; fruit 

 smooth, rather fleshy. Dry woods, mountains of Penn. to N. C. and Tenn. 



7. G. Arkansaimm, Gray. Similar but lower; leaves lanceolate to 

 linear (!' long or less), the lateral nerves obscure or none. S. Mo. and Ark. 



-t- -t- Leaves narrow ; flowers bright white, numerous in a compact panicle. 



8. G. boreale, L. (NORTHERN BEDSTRAW.) Smooth (1-2 high); 

 leaves linear-lanceolate; fruit minutely bristly, sometimes smooth. Rocky 

 banks of streams, Maine to Penn., Iowa, Minn., and westward. (Eu., Asia.) 



* * Leaves in 4's, 5's, or 6's, small, l-nerved; flowers white ; fruit smooth 

 (flowers greenish and fruit hispid in u. 12.) 



)- Leaves pointless. 



9. G. trifidum, L. (SMALL BEDSTRAW.) Stems weak, ascending (5 - 

 20' high}, branching, mostly roughened backwards on the angles; leaves in 

 whorls of 4 to 6, linear or oblanceolate, the margins and midrib rough ; peduncles 

 scattered, 1 - 1-flowered ; corolla-lobes and stamens often only 3. Sphagnous 

 bogs and wet ground, throughout the continent. Exceedingly variable. Var. 

 pusfLLUM, Gray, the smallest form; leaves only in 4's, 3-4" long, narrow, in 

 age often reflexed ; peduncles 1-flowered. In cold bogs, northward. Var. 

 LATiF6nuM, Torr., the larger and broadest -leaved form ; leaves 6 or 1" long, 

 often 2" wide. From Canada, south and west. (Eu., Asia.) 



10. G. concinnum, Torr. & Gray. Stems low and slender (6-12' high), 

 with minutely roughened angles; leaves all in 6's, linear, slightly pointed, vein- 

 less, the margins upwardly roughened; peduncles 2-3 times forked, diffusely pan- 

 icled ; pedicels short. Dry hills, Penn. to Va., west to Minn., Iowa, and Ark. 



-i- H- Leaves cuspidately mucronate or acuminate. 



11. G. asprellum, Michx. (ROUGH BEDSTRAW.) Stem much branched, 

 rough backwards with hooked prickles, leaning on bushes (3-5 high) ; leaves 

 in whorls o/*6, or 4 - 5 on the branchlets, oral-lanceolate, with almost prickly mar- 

 gins and midrib; peduncles short, 2-3 times forked. Alluvial ground, N. 

 Eng. to N. C., west to Minn., Iowa, and Mo. 



12. G. triflorum, Michx. (SWEET-SCENTED BEDSTRAW.) Stem (1-3 

 long) bristly-roughened backward on the angles; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, 

 bristle-pointed, with slightly roughened margins (1-2' long); peduncles 3- 

 flowered, the flowers all pedicelled, greenish ; fruit beset with hooked bristles. 

 Rich woodlands, throughout the continent. Sweet-scented in drying. (Eu.) 



3. Perennial ; fruit a bei~rij ; leaves in 4's, l-nerved. 



13. G. hispidulum, Michx. Hirsute-pubescent, scabrous, or sometimes 

 nearly smooth, 1-2 high, diffusely branched ; leaves oblong or oval, mucro- 

 nate (3 - 6" long) , pedicels solitary or commonly 2 or 3 from the small invo- 

 lucral whorl, all naked, or one of them bracteolate ; flowers white ; berry purple, 

 glabrate. Dry or sandy soil, southern N. J. to Fla., along the coast. 



8. SHERARDIA, Dill. 



Calyx-lobes lanceolate, persistent. Corolla funnel-form, the limb 4 - 5-lobed. 

 Stamens 4-5. Style filiform, 2-cleft ; stigmas capitate. Fruit dry, twin, of 2 

 indehiscent 1 -seeded carpels. A slender procumbent herb, with square stems, 



