COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 237 



* 3. Pappus a circle of chaffy scales, dissected into bristles . . 65 

 * 4. Pappus a circle of thin chaffy scales or short chaffy bristles. 



Heads several-flowered. Receptacle chaffy 60 



Heads 8-10-flowered. Receptacle naked 18 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle deeply honeycombed 58 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle naked 62, 63 



Heads many-flowered. Receptacle chaffy 64 



5. Pappus none, or a cup or crown, or of 2 or 3 awns, teeth, or chaffy scales corresponding 

 with the edges or angles of the achene, often with intervening minute bristles or scales. 



i- Receptacle naked. 

 Achene flat, wing-margined. Pappus of separate little bristles and usually 2-4 awns . 22 



Achene flat, marginless. Pappus none. Receptacle conical 19 



Achene terete or angled. Pappus none. Receptacle flattish 69 



Acheue angled. Pappus a little cup or crown (or none). Heceptacle conical . . 20, 68 

 Achene fusiform. Pappus of few scales, usually with alternating awns . . . .21 



i- - Receptacle chaffy. 



Rays neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile ) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile. 

 Receptacle mostly elevated (varying from convex to columnar), and 

 Chaffy only at the summit; the chaff" deciduous. Pappus none . . . .66 

 Chaffy throughout. Achene flattened laterally if at all ... 48, 49, 50, 52 ,54 

 Receptacle flat or flattish. Acheue flattened parallel with the scales or chaff . 55, 56 



Receptacle flat. Achene terete, 2-awned 57 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Achene much flattened laterally, 1 -2-awned 53 



Achene flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none .... 67 

 Achene 3-4-angular, terete or laterally tiattish, awnless. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected 66 



Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. 



Acheue obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup 45 



Achene 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 47 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple 46, 51 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



Receptacle chaffy 36-41 



1. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. ELEPHANT'S-FOOT. 



Heads discoid, 2-5-flowered, several together clustered into a compound 

 pedunculate head ; flowers perfect. Involucre narrow, flattened, of 8 oblong 

 dry scales. Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus of stout bristles, chaffy-dilated at the 

 base. Perennials, with alternate leaves and purplish flowers. (Name com- 

 posed of e\e<pas, elephant, and irovs,foot.) 



* Stem leafy ; upper leaves very like the basal. 



1. E. Carolini&nus, Willd. Somewhat hairy, corymbose, leafy ; leaves 

 ovate-oblong, thin. Dry soil, Penn. to 111. and Kan., and southward. 



* * Stem scape-like, with a few bract-like leaves or naked. 



2. E. toment6sus, L. Somewhat hairy; basal leaves obovate to nar- 

 rowly spatulate, silky and prominently veined beneath ; heads large ; pappus- 

 scales attenuate. Va., Ky., and southward. 



3. E. nud&tUS, Gray. Strigose-puberulent ; basal leaves thin, green, 

 spatulate-obovate or oblanceolate, not prominently veined beneath ; heads 

 smaller ; pappus scales broadly deltoid. Del. and southward. 



