COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 241 



= = Leaves opposite, clasping or united at the base, long, widely spreading ; 

 heads mostly \ - 1 5-Jiotcered ; corymbs very compound and large. 



12. E. perfoliatum, L. (THOROUGHWORT. BONESET.) Stem stout 

 (2-4 high), hairy ; leaves lanceolate, united at the base around tlie stem (connate- 

 perfoliate), tapering to a slender point, serrate, very veiny, wrinkled, downy 

 beneath (5-8' long) ; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate. Low grounds ; 

 common and well-known. Varies with the heads 30 - 40-flowered, or with 

 some or all of the leaves separated and truncate at base. 



Var. cuneatum, Engelm. Leaves smaller, narrowed at base and separate, 

 and heads fewer-flowered. Perhaps a hybrid with n. 7. Mo. and southward. 



13. E. resinbsum, Torr. Minutely velvety-downy (2-3 high); leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, elongated, senate, partly clasping, tapering to the point, slightly 

 veiny beneath (4 -6' long); scales of the involucre oval, obtuse. Wet pine 

 barrens, N. J. Name from the copious resinous globules of the leaves. 



* * * Heads 8 - 30-Jioicered ; involucral scales nearly equal, in one row; leaves 

 opposite, ovate, petioled, triple-nerved, not resinous-dotted ; Jioicers white. 



14. E. ageratoides, L. (WHITE SNAKE-ROOT.) Smooth, branching (3 

 high) ; leaves broadly ovate, pointed, coarsely and sharply toothed, long-petioled, 

 thin (3-5' long) ; corymbs compound. Rich woods; common northward. 



15. E. aromaticum, L. Smooth or slightly downy ; stems nearly sim- 

 ple ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, rather obtusely toothed, not pointed, thickisli. 

 Copses, Mass, to Va., and southward, near the coast. Lower and more slender 

 than n. 14, with fewer, but usually larger heads ; not aromatic. 



2. CONOCLINIUM. Receptacle conical; involucral scales nearly equal, 



somewhat imbricated. 



16. E. ccelestinum, L. (MIST-FLOWER.) Somewhat pubescent (1 - 2 

 high) ; leaves opposite, petiolate, triangular-ovate and slightly heart-shaped, 

 coarsely and bluntly toothed ; heads many-flowered, in compact cymes ; flowers 

 blue or violet. (Conoclinium coelestinum, DC.) Rich soil, N. J. to Mich., 

 111., and southward. Sept. 



6. KUHNIA, L. 



Heads discoid, 10-25-flowered ; flowers perfect. Involucral scales thin, 

 few and loosely imbricated, narrow, striate-nerved. Corolla slender, 5-toothed. 

 Achenes cylindrical, 10-striate; pappus a single row of very plumose (white) 

 bristles. A perennial herb, resinous-dotted, with mostly alternate leaves, and 

 paniculate-corymbose heads of cream-colored flowers. (Dedicated to Dr. Kuhn, 

 of Pennsylvania, who carried the living plant to Linnaeus.) 



1. K. eupatorioides, L. Stems 2-3 high; pubescence minute ; leaves 

 varying from broadly lanceolate and toothed, to linear and entire. Dry soil, 

 N. J. to Minn., E. Kan., and southward. Sept. Very variable. Var. CORYM- 

 BCLOSA, Torr. & Gray, is a western form, stouter and somewhat more pubes- 

 cent, the heads rather crowded. 



7. BRICKELLIA, Ell. 



Characters as in Kuhnia; involucral scales more numerous, and the bristles 

 of the pappus merely scabrous or at the most harbellate or subplumose ; leaves 



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