COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 245 



2. C. falcata, Ell. Stems (4-10' high) very woolly; leaves crowlrd, 

 linear, rigid, about 3-nerved, entire, somewhat recurred or sr//the-shaped, ha in/, or 

 smooth when old, sessile; heads (small) corymhed. Dry sandy soil on the 

 coast, pine barrens of N. J. to Nantucket and Cape Cod, Mass. Aug. 



* * Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or slightly serrate, mostly sessile, veined, 

 not nerved ; achenes oboKate, flattened. 



3. C. gOSSypina, Nutt. Densely icoolly all over; leaves spat id ate or ob- 

 long, obtuse (1-2' long) ; heads larger than in the next. Pine barrens, Va., 

 and southward. Aug. -Oct. 



4. C. Mariana, Nutt. Silky with long and weak hairs, or when old smooth- 

 ish; leaves oblong; heads corymbed, on glandular peduncles. Dry* barrens, 

 from S. New York and Penn., southward, near the coast. Aug. - Oct. 



5. C. villosa, Nutt. Hirsute and vilfous-pubescent ; stem corymbosely 

 branched, the branches terminated by single short-peduucled heads ; leaves 

 narrowly oblong, hoary with rough pubescence (as also the involucre), bristty-ctliate 

 toward the base. Dry plains and prairies, Wise, to Ky., and westward. July - 

 Sept. Very variable. Var. HfspiDA, Gray. Low, hirsute and hispid, not 

 canesceut ; heads small. Kan., west and southward. Var. CAXESCENS, Gray. 

 Wholly canescent with short appressed pubescence; leaves narrow, mostly 

 oblanceolate. Kan. to Tex. 



6. C. pilosa, Nutt. Annual, soft-hirsute or villous ; leaves oblong-lance- 

 olate; involucre viscid; outer pappus chaffy and conspicuous Kan. and 

 southward. 



15. APLO PAPPUS, Cass. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays many, pistillate. Involucre hemi- 

 spherical, of many closely imbricated scales in several series. Receptacle flat. 

 Achenes short, turbinate to linear ; pappus simple, of numerous unequal 

 bristles. Mostly herbaceous perennials, with alternate rigid leaves. Ray- 

 and disk-flowers yellow. (From air\6os, simple, and irdinros. pappus-) 



1. A. ciliatus, DC. Annual or biennial, glabrous, 2-5 high, leafy; 

 leaves oval (or lower obovate), obtuse, dentate with bristle-pointed teeth ; 

 heads very large, feyv and clustered, the outer scales spreading; acheues gla- 

 brous, the central abortive. Mo., Kan., and southward. 



2. A. spinuldsus, DC. Perennial, branching, pnberulent or glabrate, 

 low ; leaves narrow, pinnately or bipinuately parted, the lobes and teeth bristle- 

 tipped ; heads small, the appressed scales bristle-tipped ; achenes pubescent. 

 Minn, to Kan., and southward. 



3. A. divaricatus, Gray. Annual, 1-2 high, slender and diffusely 

 paniculate, rough-pubescent or glabrate; leaves rigid, narrow, entire or with 

 a few spiuulose teeth, much reduced above ; heads small and narrow, the ap- 

 pressed scales subulate, attenuate; achenes silky. Southern Kan. 



16. B I GEL 6 VI A, DC. RAYLESS GOLDEN ROD. 



Heads 3 - 4-flowered, the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involucre club- 

 shaped, yellowish; the rigid somewhat glutinous scales linear, closely imbri- 

 cated and appressed. Receptacle narrow, with an awl-shaped prolongation in 

 the centre. Acheues somewhat obconical, hairy ; pappus a single row of 



