COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 269 



2. GAMOCH^ETA. Bristles of the pappus united at the very base into a 



ring, so falling off all together. 



5. G. purpureum, L. (PURPLISH CUDWEED.) Annual, simple or 

 branched from the base, ascending (6-20' high), silvery-canescent with dense 

 white wool ; leaves oblong spatulate, obtuse, not decurrcnt, green above ; heads 

 in sessile clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, and spiked at the wand-like 

 summit of the stem; scales tawny, the inner often marked with purple. 

 Sandy or gravelly soil, coast of Maine to Va., and southward. 



34. ADENOCAULON, Hook. 



Heads 5 - I0-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and with similar corollas ; the 

 marginal ones pistillate, fertile; the others perfect but sterile. Involucral 

 scales few, equal, in a single row, not scarious. Receptacle flat, naked. An- 

 thrTs caudate. Achenes elongated at maturity, club-shaped, beset with stalked 

 glands above; pappus none. Slender perennials, with the alternate thin and 

 petioled leaves smooth and green above, white-woolly beneath, and few small 

 (whitish) heads in a loose panicle, beset with glands (whence the name, from 

 a.5-{]v, a gland, and jcauAos, a stem). 



1. A. bicolor, Hook. Leaves triangular, rather heart-shaped, with angu- 

 la'r-toothed margins ; petioles margined. Moist woods, shore of Lake Supe- 

 rior, and westward. Stem 1-3 high. 



35. I NTT LA, L. ELECAMPANE. 



Heads many -flowered, radiate ; disk-flowers perfect and fertile. Involucre 

 imbricated, hemispherical, the outer scales herbaceous or leaf-like. Recep- 

 tacle naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes more or less 4 - 5-ribbed ; pappus 

 simple, of capillary bristles. Coarse herbs, not floccose-woolly, with alternate 

 simple leaves, and large yellow flowers. (The ancient Latin name.) 



I. HELENIUM, L. (ELECAMPANE.) Stout perennial (.3 - 5 high) ; leaves 

 large, woolly beneath ; those from the thick root ovate, petioled, the others 

 partly clasping ; rays very many, narrow. Roadsides and damp pastures. 

 Aug. Heads very large. Root mucilaginous. (Xat from Eu.) 



36. POLYMNIA, L. LEAF-CUP. 



Heads broad, many-flowered, radiate ; rays several (rarely abortive), pistil- 

 late ; disk-flowers perfect but sterile. Iiivolucral scales in two rows ; the outer 

 about 5, leaf-like, large and spreading; the inner small and membranaceous, 

 partly embracing the thick triaugular-obovoid achenes. Receptacle flat, mem- 

 branous-chaffy. Pappus none. Tall branching perennial herbs, viscid-hairy, 

 exhaling a heavy odor. Leaves large and thin, opposite, or the uppermost 

 alternate, lobed, and with dilated appendages like stipules at the base. Heads 

 in panicled corymbs. Flowers light yellow ; in summer and autumn. (Dedi- 

 cated to the Muse, Polyhymnia, for no obvious reason.) 



1. P. Canadensis, L. Clammy-hairy, 2-5 high; lower leaves deeply 

 pinnatifid, the uppermost triangular-ovate and 3 - 5-lobed or angled, petioled ; 

 heads small; rays 5, obovate or wedge-form, shorter than the involucre, often mi- 

 nute or abortive, whitish-yellow ; achenes 3-costate, not striate. Moist shaded 

 ravines, Conn, to W. Vt., Minn., and southward. Var. RADIATA, Gray ; ligules 

 more developed, 3-lobed, 3 - 6" long, whitish. 111. to Kan., and southward. 



