COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 271 



tary (large), squarrose ; achenes obovate, winged, 2-toothed, the teeth usually 

 awn-like. Dry sandy soil, Va. and southward. 



5. S. integrifolium, Michx. Stem smooth or rough, rather stout (2-4 

 high), rigid, 4-angular and grooved; leaves all opposite, rigid, lanceolate-ovate, 

 entire or denticulate, tapering to a sharp point from a roundish heart-shaped 

 and partly clasping base, rough-pubescent or nearly smooth, thick (3 - 5' long) ; 

 heads in a close forking corymb, short-peduncled ; achenes broadly winged, 

 deeply notched. Prairies, Mich, to Minn., and southward. Aug. 



* * * Stem square; leaves opposite, connate (thin and large, 6-15' long). 



6. S. perfoliatum, L. (Crp-PLAXT.) Stem stout, often branched above 

 (4-8 high), leafy; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, the upper united by their 

 bases and forming a cup-shaped disk, the lower abruptly narrowed into winged 

 petioles which are connate by their bases ; heads corymbose ; scales ovate ; 

 achenes winged and variously notched. Rich soil along streams, Mich, to 

 Minn., and southward; common. Also escaped from gardens eastward. July. 



38. BERLANDIERA, DC. 



With the characters of Silphium, but the 5-12 fertile ray-flowers in a single 

 series. Involucral scales in about 3 series, thinner, the inner dilated obo- 

 vate, exceeding the disk, the outer smaller and more foliaceous. Achenes 

 obovate, not winged nor notched at the apex, and without pappus, decidu- 

 ous with the subtending scale and 2 or 3 of the inner chaff. Alternate- 

 leaved perennials of the southern and southwestern States; head peduncu- 

 late. (Named for J. L. Berlandier, a Swiss botanist who collected in Texas 

 and Mexico.) 



1. B. Texana, DC. llirsute-tomentose or villons, 2-3 high, very leafy ; 

 leaves creuate, the radical oblong, petiolate, the cauliue oblong-cordate to sub- 

 cordate-lanceolate, the upper closely sessile ; heads somewhat cymose, ' broad. 

 S. W. Mo. to La. and Tex. 



39. CHRYSOGONUM, L. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays about 5, pistillate and fertile; the 

 disk-flowers perfect but sterile. Involucre of about 5 outer leaf-like oblong 

 scales, which exceed the disk, and as many interior shorter and chaff-like con- 

 cave scales. Receptacle flat, with a linear chaff to each disk-flower. Achenes 

 all in the ray, obovate, obcompressed, 4-angled, each one partly enclosed by 

 the short scale of the involucre behind it ; pappus a small chaffy crown, 2-3- 

 toothed, and wanting on the inner side. A hairy, perennial herb, with oppo- 

 site long-petioled leaves, and solitary long-peduncled heads of yellow flowers, 

 nearly stemless when it begins to flower, the flowerless shoots forming run- 

 ners. (The Greek name of some plant, composed of xpuvos, golden, and y6w, 

 knee.) 



1 . C. Virginianum, L. Usually low (2-15' high) ; leaves ovate, mostly 

 obtuse, crenate, rarely somewhat cordate, or the radical obovate with cuneate 

 base ; rays \' long. Dry soil, from southern Penn. to Fla. May - Aug. 

 Var. BKNTATUM, Gray ; leaves deltoid-ovate, acute, coarsely dentate-serrate ; 

 involucral scales more acute. High Island at the Falls of the Potomac. 



