COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 279 



* * * Involucre looser, the scales more acuminate or elongated or foliaceous ; 



disk yellow (anthers dark}. 

 H- Leaves all opposite, sessile, serrulate ; pubescence rather soft. 



9. H. mollis, Lam. Stem simple, leafy to the top (2-3 high) ; leaves 

 ovate to lanceolate, with broad cordate clasping base, pointed ; scales lanceo- 

 late, seldom exceeding the disk. Dry barrens, ( >hio to Iowa and southward. 

 - -i- Leaves mostly alternate and 3-nerved, soft-pubescent beneath, scabrous above ; 



scales very long and loose, hairy ; tips of chaff and corolla-lobes hirsute. 



10. H. tomentosus, Michx. Stem hairy, stout (4-8 high); leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, or the lowest ovate, tapering at both ends, obscurely serrate, 

 large (5 -ft' long) /somewhat petioled; disk 1' broad; rays 12-16, about 1' 

 long. Rich woods, 111. (?), Va., aud southward along the mountains. 



-t- -i- -t- Leaves narrow, chieJJy alternate, not 3-nerved, scabrous both sides; heads 

 rather small ; scales loose, attenuate. 



11. H. gr6sse-serratus, Martens. Stem smooth and glaucous, 6-10 

 high; leaves elongated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply 

 serrate or denticulate, acute or attenuate at base, petioled, often whiter aud 

 finely pubescent beneath ; scales lauce-awl-shaped, slightly ciliate. Dry 

 plains, Ohio to Dak., Mo., and southwestward. Probably ruus into the 

 next. 



12. H. gigant^US, L. Stem hairy or rough (3-10 high), branched 

 above; leaves lanceolate, pointed, minutely serrate or nearly entire, green both 

 sides, narrowed and ciliate at base, but nearly sessile ; scales long, linear-lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, hairy or strongly ciliate. Var. AMDIGUUS, Torr. & Gray; 

 leaves mostly opposite and closely sessile by an obtuse base; perhaps a hybrid 

 with n. 1 7. Low thickets and swamps ; common. Heads somewhat corymbed ; 

 the pale yellow rays 15-20; roots often becoming tuber-like. 



13. H. Maximilian!, Schrad. Resembling the last ; stout, often simple, 

 1-10 high ; leaves becoming rigid and very scabrous, entire or sparingly den- 

 ticulate ; heads rather large, usually short-peduncled, terminal and in the upper 

 axils; scales longer attenuate, more rigid. Prairies, Minn, to Tex. 



H- -i- -i i- Leaves all or most of them opposite, 3-nerved (faintly in n. 15). 

 *-* Heads very small (about 4" broad) ; rays 5-8; scales few, short, irregularly 

 imbricated, the outer with spreading foliaceous pointed tips; stems smooth. 



14. H. parvifloms, Bernh. Stem 3-6 high, with numerous slender 

 branches above; leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, somewhat serrate, 

 petioled, rough above, pale and puberuleiit beneath ; peduncles slender, rough ; 

 scales ovate and ovate-lanceolate, ciliate. (H. microcephalus, Torr. $ Gruy.) 

 Thickets, Perm, to 111., and southward. 



15. H. laevigatus, Torr. & Gray. Stem slender (1 -6 high), simple or 

 sparingly branched, glaucous, glabrous throughout, as well as the slightly ser- 

 rate lanceolate leaves which are usually narrow and attenuate to the base. 

 Dry soil, Alleghauy Mts., and southward. 



++ +* Heads larger; rays usually over 10; spreading by creeping rootstocks. 

 = Leaves sessile or subsessile to short-petiolate, serrulate or entire. 



16. H. doronicoldes, Lam. Finely pubescent and roughish, 3-7 

 high ; leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, acute, triply-nerved above the broadly cuneate 



