286 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



and a large showy long-pedunculate head. Rays yellow (!' long); the disk 

 often turning dark purple. (Named for the late Dr. William Baldwin.) 

 1 . B. uniflora, Nutt. Borders of swamps, Va. (?) and southward. Aug. 



59. M A.RSHALLIA, Schreb. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular and perfect, the corolla-lobes slen- 

 der and spreading. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, erect, in one 

 or two rows, nearly equal. Receptacle convex or conical, with narrowly linear 

 rigid chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-angled; pappus of 5 or 6 membranaceous 

 and pointed chaffy scales. Smooth and low perennials, with alternate entire 

 3-nerved leaves, and long-pedunculate heads (like those of a Scabious) termi- 

 nating the simple stem or branches. Flowers purplish ; anthers blue. (Named 

 for Humphrey Marshall, of Pennsylvania, author of Arbustum Americanum, 

 one of the earliest works on the trees and shrubs of this country.) 



1. M. latifolia, Pursh. Stems leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, 

 sessile. Dry soil, Va. and southward. 



2. M. CSSSpitosa, Nutt. Stem commonly leafy only at base; leaves 

 narrowly oblauceolate *~o linear or the radical spatulate, obtuse. Kan. to Tex. 



60. GALINSOGA, Ruiz & Pavon. 



Heads several-flowered, radiate ; rays 4 - 5, small, roundish, pistillate. Invo. 

 lucre of 4 or 5 ovate thin scales. Receptacle conical, with narrow chaff. 

 Achenes angled; pappus of small oblong cut-fringed chaffy scales (sometimes 

 wanting). Annual herbs, with opposite triple-nerved thin leaves, and small 

 heads; disk yellow; rays whitish. (Named for Galinsogn, a Spanish botanist.) 



G. PARVIFL^RA, Cav. Smoothish (1 high) ; leaves ovate, acute, somewhat 

 toothed; scales of the pappus 8-16. Waste places, especially eastward; 

 spreading from year to year. (Adv. from S. Amer ) 



61. HYMENOPAPPUS, L'Her. 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular and perfect, with large revolute 

 corolla-lobes. Involucral scales 6-12, loose and broad, thin, the upper part 

 petal-like (usually white). Receptacle small, naked. Achenes top-shaped, 

 with a slender base, striate ; pappus of 15-20 blunt scales in a single row, 

 very thin (whence the name of the genus, from vp.i\i>, membrane, and irdinros, 

 pappus.) Biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dissected leaves, 

 and corymbed small heads of usually whitish flowers. 



* Pappus of very small roundish nerveless scales. 



1. H. SCabioSatsUS, L'Her. Somewhat flocculent-woolly when young, 

 leafy to the top (1-3 high); leaves 1 -2-pinnately parted into linear or ob- 

 long lobes; involucral scales roundish, mainly whitish. Sandy barrens, 111. 

 and southward. May, June. 



2. H. COrymbosus, Torr. & Gray. More slender, glabrate, naked 

 above; scales obovate-oblong, petaloid at apex. Neb. to Ark. and Tex. 



* * Pappus of conspicuous spatulate \-nerved scales ; involucre greener. 



3. H. tenuifolius, Pursh. Slightly tomentose or glabrate, leafy, 1 - 2 

 high; divisions of the leaves narrowly linear or filiform, revolute; involucral 

 scales obovate-oblong; achenes long-villous. Neb. to Ark. and Tex. 



