390 SCKOl'HCLAUIACE^E. (FIGWORT FAMILY.) 



minutely pubescent outside, villous within and lobes ciliate ; anthers and fila- 

 ments very villous. Low pine barrens, Del. to Fla. 



* * Annuals; herbage blackish in drying (except n. 1.3). 

 i Pediccis little if at all longer than the calyx and capsule. 



9. G. aspera, Dougl. Sparingly branched (1-2 high); leaves long 

 and linear, rough; pedicels (most of them alternate) equalling or moderately 

 exceeding the calyx, which has triangular-lanceolate acute lobes about half as 

 long as the tube; corolla over 1' long. Plains and prairies, Mich, and W. 

 Ind. to Dak. and W. Ark. 



10. G. purpurea, L. (PURPLE GERARDIA.) Stem (1-2 high) with 

 long and rigid widely spreading branches ; leaves linear, acute, rough-mar- 

 gined; flowers large (!' long), bright purple, often downy; pedicels shorter 

 than the calyx, mainly opposite ; calyx-teeth sharp-pointed, from very short to 

 about half as long as the tube. Low grounds, mainly near the coast and in 

 the region of the Great Lakes. Very variable. Var. PAUPERCULA, Gray. 

 Smoother, more simple; corolla usually only ^' long, lighter rose-purple. 

 N. Eng. to Peun., N. 111., Minn., and northward. 



11. G. maritima, Raf. (SEA-SIDE G.) Low (4 - 12' high), with shorter 

 branches; leaves and short broad calyx-teeth rather flesh ij and obtuse; pedicels 

 about as long as the calyx ; corolla 5' long. Salt marshes along the coast. 



M- +- Pedicels usually exceeding the corolla ; woolly anthers cuspidate at base. 



12. G. tenuifolia, Vahl. (SLENDER G.) Leaves narrowly linear, acute, 

 the floral ones mostly like the others; calyx-teeth very short, acute; capsule 

 globular, not exceeding the calyx ; corolla about i' long. Low or dry ground, 

 common. Var. MACROPHYLLA, Benth. Stouter; larger leaves 1^-2' long 

 and almost 2" wide, scabrous ; pedicels ascending; calyx-teeth larger ; corolla 

 little over A' long. W. Iowa to W. La. and Col. Var. ASPERULA, Gray. 

 Leaves all nearly filiform and upper face hispidulous scabrous ; inflorescence 

 more paniculate; corolla small, the expanded limb only 6" in diameter. Dry 

 bare hills, Mich, and N. Ind. to Minn, and Mo. 



13. G. Skinneriana, Wood. Leaves bristle-shaped, as are the branch- 

 lets, or the lower linear; capsule ovate, mostly longer than the calux, which has 

 short setaceous teeth ; corolla 4 - 6" long. (G. setacea, Gray, Man., not of 



Wall.) Sandy low ground, Mass, to Minn., south to Fla. and La. 



20. CASTILLEIA, Mutis. PAINTEU-CUP. 



Calyx tubular, flattened, cleft at the summit on the anterior, and usually on 

 the posterior side also ; the divisions entire or 2-lobed. Tube of the corolla 

 included in the calyx ; its upper lip (qalea) long and narrow, arched and 

 keeled, flattened laterally, enclosing the 4 unequal stamens ; lower lip short, 

 3-lobed. Anther-cells oblong-linear, unequal, the outer fixed by the middle, 

 the inner pendulous. Capsule many-seeded. Herbs (root-parasitic), with 

 alternate entire or cut-lobed leaves; the floral ones usually dilated, colored, 

 and more showy than the yellow or purplish spiked flowers. (Dedicated to 

 Castillejo, a Spanish botanist.) 



1. C. COCCinea, Spreng. (SCARLET PAINTED-CUP.) Hairy biennial 

 ^r annual ; stem simple ; root-leaves clustered, mostly entire, obovate or 



