424 FLANTAGINACE^E. ( PLANTAIN FAMILY.) 



6. P. maritima, L. Perennial; spikes dense. Coast of Mass.; Gulf 

 of St. Lawrence to Lab. and Greenland. (Eu.) 



* * Flowers of 2 sorts (as respects length of anthers and filaments) on different 

 plants, mostly cleistogamous; corolla-lobes broad, rounded, persistently spread- 

 ing ; seeds 2, boat-shaped ; inflorescence and narrow leaves silky-pubescent 

 or woolly ; annual. 



7. P. Patagonica, Jacq., var. gnaphalioides, Gray. White with 

 silky wool; leaves 1 -3-nerved, varying from oblong-linear to filiform ; spike 

 very dense (4 -4' long), woolly; bracts not exceeding the calyx; sepals very 

 obtuse, scarious, with a thick centre. Prairies and dry plains, Minn, to Ind., 

 Ky., and Tex., westward to the Pacific. Very variable. Var. NUDA, Gray 

 with sparse and loose pubescence, green and soon glabrate rigid leaves, and 

 short bracts. Var. SPINULUSA, Gray; a canescent form with aristately pro- 

 longed and rigid bracts. Var. ARISTA.TA, Gray ; loosely hairy and green, or 

 becoming glabrous, with narrowly linear bracts 2-3 times the length of the 

 flowers. (Nat. on Martha's Vineyard, and about Boston.) 



2. Flowers subdicecious or polyr/amo-cleistogamous ; the corolla in the fertile 

 (or mainly fertile) plant closed over the maturing capsule and forminy a 

 kind of beak, and anthers not exserted ; sterile flowers with spreading corolla 

 and long-exserted filaments ; seeds mostly flat; small annuals or biennial. 



* Leaves comparatively broad, short-pet ioled or subsessile ; stamens 4. 



8. P. Virginica, L. Hairy or hoary-pubescent (2-9' high) ; leaves ob- 

 long, varying to obovate and spatulate-lauceolate, 3-5uerved, slightly or 

 coarsely and sparingly toothed ; spikes mostly dense (1-2' long) ; seeds usu- 

 ally 2. Sandy grounds, S. New Eng. to S. 111., south to Fla. and Ariz. 



* * Leaves linear or filiform; flowers very small ; stamens 2; spike slender. 



9. P. pusilla, Nutt. Minutely pubescent (1-4' high); leaves entire; 

 capsule short-ovoid, 4-seeded, little exceeding the calyx and bract. Sandy 

 soil, southern N. Y. to Va., west to the Rocky Mts. Apr. - Aug. 



10. P. heterophylla, Nutt. Leaves rather fleshy, acute, entire, or some 

 of them below 2 - 4-lobed or toothed; capsule ob/onn-conoidal, ]0-28-seeded, 

 nearly twice the length of the calyx and bract. Low sandy ground, Peun. 

 to Fla. and Tex. Apr. - June. 



2. LITTORELLA, L. 



Flowers monoecious; the male solitary on a mostly simple naked scape; 

 calyx 4-parted, longer than the cylindraceous 4-cleft corolla; stamens exserted 

 on very long capillary filaments. Female flowers usually 2, sessile at the base 

 of the scape ; calyx of 3 or 4 unequal sepals ; corolla urn-shaped, with a 3 -4- 

 toothed orifice. Ovary with a single cell and ovule, tipped with a long later- 

 ally stigmatic style, maturing as an acheue. (Name from litus or littus, shore, 

 from the place of growth.) 



1. L. laciistris, L. Stoloniferous but otherwise stemless; leaves terete, 

 linear-subulate, 1-2' long. In water or on gravelly shores, Nova Scotia and 

 N. Brunswick, to L. Champlain (Pnngle) and Out. 



