EUPHORBIACE^E. (SPURGE FAMILY.) 455 



red base ; involucres about the length of the peduncle, with 5 ovate incised 

 lobes and a single or few and almost sessile glands; seeds nearly globular, 

 tubercled. Slopes and rocky soil, Minn, to W. 111., Iowa and Mo. 



6. TITHYMALUS. Involucres in a terminal dichotomous or commonly um- 

 btl/iform inflorescence, 5- or usually 4-lobe.d, with as wani/ flat or convex 

 entire or crescent-shaped glands ; seeds at rune til ate (except n. 15) ; ours as- 

 cending or erect, and mostly glabrous, without stipules. 



* Perennials with entire leaves, all or only the upper opposite ; involucres long- 



pedunclf.d in a dichotomous inflorescence, mostly with 5 transversely oblong 

 glands ; seeds without caruncle. 



15. E. Ipecacuanhas, L. Stems many from a very long perpendicular 

 root, erect or diffusely spreading (5- 10' long), forking from near the base; 

 leaves varying from obovate or oblong to narrowly linear, almost sessile, 

 glabrous; peduncles elongated (i-1' long); pod long-pedicelled, obtusely 

 angled, nearly smooth ; seed ovate, white, sparsely marked with impressed 

 dots. Sandy soil, near the coast ; Conn, to Ela. ; also barrens of S. Ind. 



* * Leaves scattered, only the floral in the umbel fiform inflorescence whorled or 



opposite and of a different shape; glands mostly 4. 



*- Leaves serrulate or rarely entire ; glands transversely oval, obtuse. 



t-i- Seeds smooth and even; pod warty or rough. 



16. E. Darlingtonii, Gray. Tall perennial (2-4 high); leaves entire, 

 minutely downy beneath ; those of the stem lanceolate-oblong from a narrow 

 base ; the floral oval, very obtuse ; the upper roundish-dilated with a truncate 

 base ; umbel 5 - 8-rayed, then simply forked ; pod minutely warty ; large glob- 

 ular seed with a small caruncle. Copses, N. Y. and Penn., to the mountains 

 of N. C. July - Sept. 



17. E. obtusata, Pursh. Erect annual (1-2 high); leaves oblong-spat- 

 ulate, minutely serrulate, smooth, all obtuse ; upper ones cordate at base ; floral 

 ones ovate, dilated, barely mucrouate; umbel once or twice divided into 3 rays, 

 then into 2 ; involucre with naked lobes and small stipitate glands ; styles dis- 

 tinct, longer than the ovary, erect, 2-cleft to the middle ; pod beset with long 

 warts. Damp woods, Va. to S. C., west to Iowa and Kan. May- July. 



E. PLATYPHYLLA, L. Erect annual (8 -18' high) ; upper stem-leaves lance- 

 olate-obi onrj, acute, cordate at base, minutely serrulate, mostly with scattered 

 hairs beneath ; floral ones triangular-ovate, subcordate ; umbel 5-rayed ; invo- 

 lucre with dilate lobes and large sessile glands ; styles longer than the ovary, 

 united at base, slighlli/ 2-cleft ; pod covered with depressed warts. Along the 

 St. Lawrence and Great Lakes to Mich. June- Aug. (Adv. from Eu.) 



>-* -M- Seeds rugose or reticulated ; leaves serrulate ; annuals. 



18. E. dictyosperma, Fischer & Meyer. Stem erect (8-18' high); 

 leaves oblong- or obovate-spatulate, smooth, all obtuse and obtusely serrate ; 

 upper ones cordate at base ; floral ones roundish-ovate or obscurely heart- 

 shaped, slightly mucronate ; umbels once or twice 3-forked, then 2-forked; 

 involucre with nearly naked lobes and small almost sessile glands ; styles 

 shorter than the ovary, spreading or recurved ; pod warty ; seeds delicately 

 reticulated. Prairies and roadsides, Md. to Minn., Ala., and westward 

 May - July. 



