460 EUPHORBIACE^E. (SPURGE FAMILY.) 



* * Fruit echinate with soft bristly green projections ; seeds rough-wrinkled. 



2. A. Caroliniana, Ell. Leaves thin, ovate-cordate, sharply and closely 

 serrate-toothed, abruptly acuminate, long-petioled ; sterile spikes short, axil- 

 lary ; the fertile ones mostly terminal and elongated, their bracts deeply cut 

 into many linear lobes. N. J. to Fla., west to Ohio, Kan., and Tex 



9. RICINUS, Linn. CASTOR-OIL PLANT. 



Flowers in racemose or panicled clusters, the fertile above, the staminate 

 below. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens very numerous, with repeatedly branching 

 filaments. Styles 3, united at base, each bifid, red. Capsule large, 3-lobed, 

 with 3 large seeds. A tall stately annual, with very large alternate peltate 

 and palmately 7- 11-cleft leaves (often 1-2 broad). (The ancient Roman 

 name of the plant.) 



R. COMMUMS, L. Cultivated extensively for ornament, and sparingly es- 

 caped in Md., Mo., and southward. Very variable. 



10. T R A G I A, Plumier. 



Flowers monoecious, in racemes, apetalous. Ster. Fl. Calyx 3-5- (chieflv 

 3-) parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 2 or 3 ; filaments short ; anther-cells 

 united. Fert. Fl. Calyx 3 - 8-parted, persistent. Style 3-cleft or 3-parted ; 

 the branches 3, simple. Capsule 3-celled, 3-lobed, bristly, separating into three 

 2-valved 1-seeded carpels. Seeds not caruuculate. Erect or climbing plants 

 (perennial herbs in U. S.), pubescent or hispid, sometimes stinging, with mostly 

 alternate stipulate leaves ; the small-flowered racemes terminal or opposite 

 the leaves ; the sterile flowers above, the few fertile at the base, all with small 

 bracts. (Named for the early herbalist Bock, latinized Traqus.) 



1. T. innocua, Walt. Erect, paniculate-branched, softly hairy-pubescent 

 (6-12' high) ; leaves varying from obovate-oblong to narrowly linear, acute at 

 base, obtusely or sinuately few-toothed or lobed, sometimes entire, short-petioled 

 or sessile, paler beneath ; sterile calyx usually 4-parted ; stamens 2. (T. ureus, L.) 

 Dry sandy soil, E. Va. to Fla. and La. May -Aug. Not stinging. 



2. T. nepetaefolia, Cav. Erect or reclining or slightly twining, hirsute 

 with stinging hairs; leaves ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, or the lower 

 ovate, all somewhat cordate or truncate at base, coarsely cut-toothed, short-peti- 

 oled ; sterile calyx usually 3-parted and stamens 3. (T. urticcefolia, Michx.) 

 Virginia (Pursh), and common southward to Fla. and Tex., Mo., Kan., and 

 westward. T. STYLARIS, Muell., of the southwest, which is reported from 

 Kan., may be distinguished by its 4 -5-parted sterile calyx, 4-5 stamens, and 

 elongated styles. 



3. T. macrocarpa, Willd. Twining, somewhat hirsute ; leaves deeply 

 cordate, ovate, mostly narrowly acuminate, sharply serrate (3-5' long), all but 

 the uppermost long-petioled; pod %' broad. (T. cordata, Michx.) Ky. to 

 Ga., Fla. ; and La. 



11. STILLINGIA, Garden. 



Flowers monoecious, aggregated in a terminal spike. Petals and glands of 

 the disk none. Calyx 2 -3-cleft or parted ; the divisions imbricated in the bud. 

 Stamens 2 or 3 ; anthers adnate, turned outward. Style thick ; stigmas 3, 



