^ JUGLANDACEvE. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 467 



thin albumen. Large trees, with the bark deciduous in broad thin brittle 

 ]>lates ; dilated base of the petiole enclosing the bud of the next season. (The 

 ancient name, from tr\arvs, broad.) 



1. P. OCCidentalis, L. Leaves mostly truncate at base, angularly simi- 

 ate-lobed or toothed, the short lobes sharp-pointed ; fertile heads solitary, 

 hanging on a long peduncle. Alluvial banks, S. Maine to N. Vt., Ont., S. E. 

 Minn., E. Kan., and southward. Our largest tree, often 90-130 high, with 

 a trunk 6-14 in diameter. 



ORDER 101. JUGLANDACE^. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 



Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, and no stipules ; flowers monoecious, 

 the sterile in catkins (aments) with an irregular calyx adnate to the bract : 

 the fertile solitary or in a small cluster or spike, with a regular 3-5-lobed 

 calyx adherent to the incompletely 2-4:-celled but only 1-ovuled ovary. 

 Fruit a kind of dry drupe, with a crustaceous or bony nut-shell, containing 

 a large \-lobed orlhotropous seed. Albumen none. Cotyledons fleshy and 

 oily, sinuous or corrugated, 2-lobed ; radicle short, superior. Petals some- 

 times present in the fertile flowers. A small family of important trees, 

 consisting chiefly of the two following genera. 



1. JUG LANS, L. WALNUT. 



Sterile flowers in long and simple lateral catkins from the wood of the pre- 

 ceding year; the calyx adherent to the entire bracts or scales, unequally 3-6- 

 cleft. Stamens 12-40; filaments free, very short. Fertile flowers solitary 

 or several together on a peduncle at the end of the branches, with a 4-toothed 

 calyx, bearing 4 small petals at the sinuses. Styles 2, very short; stigmas 2, 

 somewhat club-shaped and fringed. Fruit with a fibrous-fleshy indehiscent 

 epicarp, and a mostly rough irregularly furrowed endocarp or nut-shell. 

 Trees, with strong-scented or resinous-aromatic bark, few-scaled or almost 

 naked buds (3 or 4 superposed, and the uppermost far above the axil), odd-pin- 

 nate leaves of manv serrate leaflets, and the embryo sweet and edible. Pith 

 in plates. (Name contracted from Jovis gl.ans, the nut of Jupiter.) 



1. J. Cinerea, L. (BUTTERNUT. WHITE WALNUT.) Leaflets 5-8 pairs, 

 oblong-lanceolate, pointed, rounded at base, downy, especially beneath, the 

 petioles and branchlets downy with clammy hairs ; fruit oblonr/, clamm;/, pointed, 

 the nut deeply sculptured and rough with ragged ridges, 2-celled at the base. 

 Rich woods, N. Eng. to the mountains of Ga., west to Minn., E. Kan., and 

 Ark. Tree 50-75 high, with gray bark, widely spreading branches, and 

 lighter brown wood than in the next. 



2. J. nigra, L. (BLACK WALNUT.) Leaflets 7-11 pairs, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, taper-pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at base, smooth above, 

 the lower surface and the petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical, roughly 

 dotted, the nut corrugated, 4-celled at top and bottom. Rich woods, W. Mass, 

 and Conn, to Fla., west to Minn., E. Neb., E. Kan., and southward. A large 

 and handsome tree (often 90-150 high), with rough brown bark, and valu- 

 able purplish-brown wood turning blackish with age. 



