CONIFERS. (PINE FAMILY.) 491 



to N. Ga., western N. Y. aud E. Ky. A tree 30 - 80 high, with very rough 

 dark bark aud hard resiuous wood ; sterile flowers shorter ; scales 6-8. 

 -t- -H- Leaves in twos (some in threes in n. 4 and 7). 



4. P. plingens, Michx. f. (TABLE MOUNTAIN PINE.) Leaves stout, short 

 (1|_2' long), crowded, bluish, the sheath short (very short on old foliage) ; 

 coues ovate (3' long), the scales armed with a strong hooked spine ($' long). 

 Alleghany Mts., Penn., to N. C. aud Tenn. A rather small tree (20-60 

 high) ; cones long-persistent. 



5. P. inops, Ait. (JERSEY or SCRUB PINE.) Leaves short (l-3' long) ; 

 cones oblong-conical, sometimes curved (2-3' long), the scales tipped with a 

 stniitjht or recurved awl-shaped prickle. Barrens and sterile hills, Long Island 

 to S. C., mostly near the coast, west through Ky. to S. Ind. A straggling 

 tree at the east, 15-40 high, with spreading or drooping branchlets; larger 

 westward. Young shoots with a purplish glaucous bloom. 



6. P. Banksiana, Lambert. (GRAY or NORTHERN SCRUB PIXE.) Leaves 

 short (V\ong), oblique, divergent; cones conical, oblong, usually curved (l|-2' 

 long), smooth, the scales pointless. Barren sandy soil, S. Maine and N. Vt. 

 to S. Mich., central Minn., and northward. Straggling shrub or low tree. 



7. P. mitis, Michx. (YELLOW PINE.) Leaves sometimes in threes, from 

 long sheaths, slender (3-5' long); cones ovate- or oblong conical (barely 2' 

 long), the scales with a minute weak prickle. Usually dry or sandy soil, Staten 

 Island to Fla., S. Ind., S. E. Kan. and Tex. A straight tree, 50-100 high, 

 with dark green leaves more soft and slender than the preceding. The west- 

 ern form has more rigid leaves and more tuberculate and spiny cones. 



* * Cones terminal ; leaves long and slender, in twos or threes. 



8. P. resinosa, Ait. (RED PINE.) Leaves in twos from long sheaths, 

 elongated (5-6' long), dark green; cones ovate-conical, smooth (about 2' /OH//), 

 their scales slightly thickened, pointless; sterile flowers oblong-linear (6-9" 

 long), subtended by about 6 involucral scales which are early deciduous by 

 an articulation above the base. Dry woods, Mass, to N. Penn., Mich., and 

 Minn., and northward. A tall tree, with reddish, rather smooth bark and 

 hard wood, not very resinous. 



9. P. pallistris, Mill. (LONG-LEAVED, YELLOW, or GEORGIA PINE.) 

 Leaves in threes from long sheaths, very long (10- 15'), crowded at the summit 

 of very scaly branches ; sterile flowers 2-J - 3' long, rose-purple ; cones large, 

 cylindrical or conical-oblong (6- 10' long), the thick scales armed with a short 

 recurred spine. (P. australis, Michx.) Sandy soil, S. Va. to Fla. and Tex. 

 A large tree, with thin-scaled bark and exceedingly hard and resinous wood. 



2. PICE A, Link. SPRUCE. 



Sterile flowers axillary (or sometimes terminal) on branchlets of the preced- 

 ing vear ; anthers tipped with a rounded recurved appendage, their cells open- 

 ing lengthwise. Fertile catkins and cones terminal; coues maturing the first 

 year, pendulous ; their scales thin, not thickened nor prickly-tipped, persistent. 

 Leaves scattered, needle-shaped and keeled above and below (4-sided), pointing 

 every way. Otherwise nearly as in Pinus. (The classical Latin name.) 



1. P. nigra, Link. (BLACK SPRUCE.) Branchlets pubescent; leaves short 

 (usually 4 - 8" long), either dark green or glaucous-whitish : cinn-s unite, or ovate- 



