494 CONIFERS. (PINE FAMILY.) 



1. T. OCCidentalis, L. (ARBOR VIT.E. WHITE CEDAR.) Leaves ap- 

 pressed-imbricated in 4 rows on the 2-edged branchlets ; scales of the cones 

 pointless ; seeds broadly winged all round. Swamps and cool rocky banks, 

 N. Brunswick to Penn., along the mountains to N. C., west to Minn. A tree 

 20 - 50 high, with pale shreddy bark, and light, soft, but very durable wood. 



9. JUNIPERUS, L. JUNIPER. 



Flowers dioecious, or occasionally monoecious, in very small lateral catkins. 

 Anther-cells 3-6, attached to the lower edge of the shield-shaped scale. Fer- 

 tile catkins ovoid, of 3 -6 fleshy coalesceuc scales, each 1-ovuled, in fruit form- 

 ing a sort of berry, which is scaly-bracted underneath, bluish-black with white 

 bloom. Seeds 1 - 3, ovate, wingless, bony. Cotyledons 2. Evergreen trees 

 or shrubs, with awl-shaped or scale-like rigid leaves, often of two shapes in 2. 

 (The classical name.) 



1. OXYCEDHUS. Aments axillary; leaves in whorls of 3, free and jointed 

 at base, linear-subulate, prickly-pointed, channelled and white glaucous above. 



1. J. COmmunis, L. (COMMON JUNJPER.) Shrub or small tree, with 

 spreading or pendulous branches; leaves rigid, more or less spreading (5-9" 

 long) ; berry dark blue (3" or more in diameter). Dry sterile hills, common. 



Var. alpina, Gaud., is a decumbent or prostrate form, with shorter (2-4" 

 long) less spreading leaves. Maine to Minn., and northward. 



2. SABINA. Aments terminal; leaves mostly op/'/osite, of tiro forms, i.e., 

 aid-shaped and loose, and scale-shaped, appressed-imbricated and crowded, 

 the latter with a resiniferous gland on the back. 



2. J. Sablna, L., var. procumbens, Pursh. A procumbent, prostrate 

 or sometimes creeping shrub ; scale-like leaves acute ; berry on short recurved 

 peduncles, 3 - 5" in diameter. Rocky banks, borders of swamps, etc., N. Eng. 

 to N. Minn., and northward. 



3. J. Virginiana, L. (RED CEDAR or SAVIN.) From a shrub to a tree 

 60-90 high, pyramidal inform; scale-like leaves obtuse or acutish, entire; 

 berries on straight peduncles, about 3" in diameter. Dry hills or deep swamps, 

 common. Bark shreddy, and heart-wood red and aromatic. 



10. TAXUS, Tourn. YEW. 



Flowers mostly dioecious, or sometimes monoecious, axillary from scaly buds ; 

 the sterile small and globular, formed of a few naked stamens ; anther-cells 

 3-8 under a shield-like somewhat lobed connective. Fertile flowers solitary, 

 scaly-bracted at base, consisting merely of an erect sessile ovule, with an annu- 

 lar disk, which becomes cup-shaped around its base and at length pulpy and 

 berry-like, globular and red, nearly enclosing the nut-like seed. Cotyledons 2. 

 Leaves evergreen, flat, mucronate, rigid, scattered, 2-ranked. (The classical 

 name, probably from ro^ov, a bow ; the wood anciently used for bows.) 



1. T. Canadensis, Willd. (AMERICAN YEW. GROUND HEMLOCK.) 

 A low straggling bush, the stems diffusely spreading ; leaves linear, green 

 both sides. (T. baccata, var. Canadensis, Willd.) Moist banks and hills, 

 especially under evergreens; Newf. to N. J., Iowa, Minn., and northward. 



