524 LILIACE^E. (LILY FAMILY.) 



Lilium, but introrse. Filaments and style long and thread-like, declined and 

 ascending; stigma simple. Capsule (at first rather fleshy) 3-augled, loculi- 

 cidally 3-valved, with several black spherical seeds in each cell. Showy per- 

 ennials, with fleshy-fibrous roots ; the long and linear keeled leaves 2-ranked 

 at the base of the tall scapes, which bear at the summit several bracted and 

 large yellow flowers ; these collapse and decay after expanding for a single 

 day (whence the name, from ^ue'pa, f /.'/> and /caAAor, beauty.) 



H. FULVA, L. (COMMON DAY-LILY.) Inner divisions (petals) of the tawny 

 orange perianth wavy and obtuse. Roadsides, escaped from gardens. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



9. YUCCA, L. BEAR-GRASS. SPANISH BAYONET. 



Perianth of 6 petal-like (white or greenish) oval or oblong and acute flat 

 sepals, withering-persistent, the 3 inner broader, longer than the 6 stamens. 

 Stigmas 3, sessile. Capsule oblong, somewhat 6-sided, 3-celled, or imperfectly 

 6-celled by a partition from the back, fleshy, at length loculicidally 3-valved 

 from the apex. Seeds very many in each cell, flattened. Stems woody, either 

 very short or rising into thick and columnar palm-like trunks, bearing per- 

 sistent rigid linear or sword-shaped leaves, and an often ample compound pan- 

 icle or branched raceme of showy flowers. (The native Haytian name for the 

 root of the Cassava-plant.) 



1. Y. angUStifolia, Pursh. Caudex none or very short ; leaves straight 

 very stiff and pungent, |-2 long by 1 -6" wide, filiferous on the margin; ra- 

 ceme mostly simple, nearly sessile. (1-4 long); flowers l|-2' wide; stigmas 

 green, shorter than the ovary; capsule 6-sided (3' long) ; seeds 5-6" broad 

 Dak. to Iowa, Kan., and N. Mex. May, June. 



2. Y. filamentosa, L. (ADAM'S NEEDLE.) Caudex 1 high or less, 

 from a running rootstock ; leaves numerous, coriaceous, more or less tapering 

 to a short point, rough on the back, 1J-2 long by 1 -3' wide, filiferous on 

 the margin; panicle pyramidal, densely flowered, on a stout bracteate scape, 4- 

 9 hitjh ; flowers large; stigmas pale, elongated ; capsule 1-J' long; seeds 3" 

 broad. Near the coast, Md. to Fla. and La. July. Very variable. 



10. CON V ALL ART A, L. LILY OF THE VALLEY. 



Perianth bell-shaped (white), 6-lobed, deciduous; the lobes recurved. Sta- 

 mens 6, included, inserted on the base of the perianth ; anthers introrse. Ovary 

 3-celled, tapering into a stout style ; stigma triangular. Ovules 4 - 6 in each 

 cell. Berry few-seeded (red). A low perennial herb, glabrous, stemless, with 

 slender running rootstocks, sending up from a scaly-sheathing bud 2 oblong 

 leaves, with their long sheathing petioles enrolled one within the other so as 

 to appear like a stalk, and an angled scape bearing a one-sided raceme of pretty 

 and sweet-scented nodding flowers. (Altered from Lilium convallium, the 

 popular name.) 



1. C. majalis, L. High mountains of Va. to S. C. Apparently identical 

 with the European LILY' OF THE VALLEY of the gardens. 



11. POLYGONATUM, Tourn. SOLOMON'S SEAL. 



Perianth cylindrical-oblong, 6-lobed at the summit ; the 6 stamens inserted 

 on or above the middle of the tube, included ; anthers introrse. Ovary 3-celled. 



