530 LILIACE^E. (LILY FAMILY,,) 



closely contiguous parallel cells lateral or slightly introrse. Stigmas, or styles, 

 stigmatic down the upper side, recurved-divergiug from the globose ovary, 

 long and thread-form, deciduous. Berry globose (dark purple), 3-celled, few- 

 seeded. A perennial herb, with a simple slender stem (1-3 high, clothed 

 with flocculeut and deciduous wool), rising from .a horizontal and tuberous 

 white rootstock (which has the taste of cucumber), bearing near the middle a 

 whorl of 5-9 obovate-lanceolate and pointed, sessile, lightly parallel-ribbed 

 and netted-veiny, thin leaves; also another of 3 (rarely 4 or 5) much smaller 

 ovate ones at the top, subtending a sessile umbel of small recurved flowers, 

 (Named after the sorceress Medea, for its supposed great medicinal virtues.) 



1. M. Virginiana, L. Rich damp woods, N. Eug. to Minn., Ind., and 

 southward. June. 



23. TRILLIUM, L. WAKE ROBIN. BIRTHROOT. 



Sepals 3, lanceolate, spreading, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 3, larger, 

 withering in age. Stamens 6 ; anthers linear, on short filaments, actuate, usu- 

 ally introrse; the cells opening down the margins. Stigmas sessile, awl- 

 shaped or slender, spreading or recurved above, persistent, stigmatic down the 

 inner side. Ovary 3-6-augled. Berry ovate, usually 6-angled or -winged, 

 3-celled (purple or red). Seeds ovate, horizontal, several in each cell. Low 

 perennial herbs, with a stout and simple stem rising from a short and prae- 

 morse tuber-like rootstock, naked, bearing at the summit a whorl of 3 ample, 

 commonly broadly ovate, more or less ribbed but netted-veined leaves, and a 

 terminal large flower ; in spring. (Name from triplum, triple; all the parts 

 being in threes.) Monstrosities are not rare with the calyx and sometimes 

 petals changed to leaves, or the parts of the flower increased in number. 



* Ovary and fruit Wangled and more or less winged. 

 -- Flower sessile ; the very broad connective produced beyond the anther-cells. 



1. T. sessile, L. Leaves sessile, ovate or rhomboidal, acute, often blotched 

 or spotted ; sepals spreading ; sessile petals erect-spreading, narrowly lanceo- 

 late or oblanceolate, dark and dull purple, varying to greenish ; fruit glo- 

 bose, 6" long. Moist woods, Peun. to Fla., west to Minn, and Ark. 



2. T. recurvatum, Beck. Leaves contracttd at the base into a petiole, 

 ovate, oblong, or obovate ; sepals reflexed ; petals pointed, the base narrowed into 

 a claw, oblong-lanceolate to -ovate, dark purple ; fruit ovate, strongly winged 

 above, 9" long. Rich woods, Ohio and Ind. to Minn, and Ark. 



-^ -i- flower pedicelled ; connective narrow, not produced ; leaves subscssile. 

 M- Pedicel longer than the flower ; filament shorter than the anther. 



3. T. erectum, L. Leaves very broadly rhombic (2|-6' wide), shortly 

 acuminate; pedicel (1-3' long) usually more or less inclined or declinate; 

 petals ovate to lanceolate (9- 18" long), brown-purple or often white or green- 

 ish or pinkish ; stamens equalling or exceeding the stout distinct spreading or 

 recurved stigmas; fruit ovate, 1' long, reddish. Rich woods, N. Scotia to 

 N. C., west to Minn, and Mo. Flowers ill-scented. 



4. T. grandiflorum, Salisb. Leaves less broadly rhombic-ovate (1^-4' 

 wide) ; pedicel erect or ascending ; petals oblanceolate, often broadly so ( 1 1 - 2|' 

 long), white turning rose-color or marked with green ; stamens with stout 



