JUNGERMANNIACE.E. (SCALE-MOSSES.) 705 



stem, bifid ; involucral leaves more or less connate, equally bilobed, the lobes 

 entire, obtuse ; perianth small, subobovate-pyriform, smooth or 1 - 7-nerved or 

 alate both sides. White Mts., ou stunted spruce and birch trees. 

 * * Lower leaf-lobe much smaller than the upper. 



-i- Underleaves scarcely wider than the stem, ovate, bifid, the divisions entire, 

 acute; perianth l-carinate or smooth, except in n. 2; steins creeping. 



2. F. Virginica, Lehm. Stems short, irregularly branching; leaves 

 crowded, ovate, entire, somewhat concave, the lower lobes sometimes expanded 

 into a lanceolate lamina ; uuderleaves round-ovate, bifid, twice the width of 

 the stem; perianth compressed-pyriform, tuberculate, 2 - 4-cariuate dorsally, 

 4-carinate ventrally. On bark of trees, rarely on rocks ; common. 



3. F. Eboracensis, Lehm. Branches clustered ; leaves loose, imbricate 

 on the branches, round-ovate, entire ; perianth pyriform, slightly compressed 

 and repand, smooth, obscurely carinate beneath and gibbous toward the apex. 

 (F. saxatilis, Lindcnb.) On trees and rocks; common northward. 



4. F. Pennsylvanica, Steph. Stems dichotomous; leaves imbricate, 

 flat, ovate, mucronate or rarely obtuse, entire ; lower lobe marginal, large, 

 round-cucullate ; underleaves broadly ovate, deeply parted, the divisions long- 

 acuminate; dioecious; antheridial spikes on short lateral branches, elongated; 

 lobes of the involucral leaves acuminate, much narrowed at base, and the 

 large underleaves carinate-concave, deeply parted, their apiculate divisions 

 entire or toothed. Shaded rocks, Stony Creek, Carbon Co., Penn. (Run). 

 Known only from the original description. 



5. F. saxicola, Aust. Stems numerous, widely branching; leaves or- 

 bicular, scarcely oblique, flat ; lower lobe near the stem, small, or rarely larger 

 and round-galeate ; underleaves scarcely wider than the stem, subovate, bifid ; 

 perianth broadly oblong, bowl-shaped with very short mouth, papillose, abruptly 

 broad-carinate beneath, 1 - many-nerved each side of the keel, 2-angled. 

 Sloping dry trap rocks, Closter, N. J. (Austin). 



t- -i- Underleaves 2-3 times wider than the stem, round or subquadrate, bifid, 



the divisions blunt or truncate. 

 M- Leaves lax, rather distant; lower lobe mostli/ expanded, ovate-lanceolate. 



6. F. seolotis, Nees. Procumbent, irregularly branched or subpinnate ; 

 leaves semi-vertical, subsquarrose, obliquely cordate, the lower lobe expanded ; 

 underleaves ovate, acutely bifid, the upper margin angular-dentate or entire ; 

 sporogonium unknown. On trees and rocks, chiefly in mountain regions. 



*- *-* Leaves close-imbricate ; lower lobe naleate, seldom expanded except on 



terminal leaves. 



7. F. Squarr6sa, Nees. Decumbent, pinnately branching, the short 

 fertile branch lateral ; leaves subvertical, suborbicular, obtuse, entire ; lower 

 lobe obovate-cucullate or galeate, suhappressed ; underleaves cordate or rounded, 

 sinuate-subdentate, slightly bifid ; perianth oblong, triquetrous, convex dor- 

 sally, strongly keeled ventrally. On rocks and trees, N. Y. to Ohio, and 

 southward ; rather common. 



8. F. plana, Sulliv. Procumbent, widely branching or subpinnate; 

 leaves orbicular, subimbricate ; lower lobe very small, as broad as long, close 

 to the stem ; underleaves rather large, flat, rounded, slightly bifid ; monre- 



45 



