JUNGERMANNIACE^E. (SCALE-MOSSES.) 711 



11. ELEPHAROSTOMA, Dumort. (PI. 25.) 



Leaves transverse or slightly iiicubous, 3-4-parted, the divisious capillary; 

 uuderleaves smaller, mostly 2-3-parted. Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit ter- 

 minal. Involucral leaves numerous, verticillate, deeply 4-cleft ; perianth ex- 

 serted, pyriform-cyliudric, laciuiate. Calyptra short, oblong, bilal.iate. Cap- 

 sule cyliudric-oblong. Elaters large, very obtuse. Spores large, smooth. 

 Autheridia solitary in the axils of leaf-like bracts. (Name from ftKe'pa.pov, an 

 eyelid, and aro^a, mouth, in allusion to the fringed orifice of the perianth.) 



1. B. trichophyllum, Dumort. Flaccid, branched, creeping; leaf- 

 divisions straight, spreading, each composed of a single row of cells ; perianth 

 ovate-cvliudric. (Jungermannia trichopliylla, L.) Ou the ground and rot- 

 ten wood. Minute, light green. (Eu.) 



12. CEPHALOZIA, Dumort. (PL 23.) 



Leaves mostly succubous, chiefly 2-lobed, the margins uniformly plane or 

 aubiucurved ; underleaves smaller, often wanting except on fruiting branches. 

 Urauches from the under side of the stem. Monoecious or dioecious. Invo- 

 lucral leaves numerous, capitate, 3-ranked, usually 2-lobed; perianth long, 

 triangular-prismatic, the constricted mouth variously dentate. Calyptra small. 

 Capsule somewhat oblong. Elaters free. Spores minute. Antheridia in 

 the base of inflated spicate leaves. (Name from Kecj>a\-fi, head, and b?, bud, 

 for the capitate involucre.) 



1. CEPHALOZIA proper. Perianth more, or less 3-angled or 3-car incite ; 

 leaf-cells large (mostly 25 - 50 /j. broad) ; plants mostly medium-sized. 



* Underleaves rarely present except on fruiting branches. 



1. C. Virginiana, Spruce. Without runners, usually pale ; leaves small, 

 obliquely round-ovate, acutely 2-lobed nearly to the middle; cells quadrate- 

 hexagonal, opaque; dioecious, rarely monoecious; iuvolucral leaves round- 

 quadrate, with slender acuminate lobes; perianth large, widest above the 

 middle, unequally ciliolate ; capsule large, long-exserted ; autheridial spike 

 long. (C. catenulata of authors; not Huebn.) On rotten wood or swampy 

 ground, N. Eng. to Va., and southward. 



2. C. multiflbr a, Spruce. (PL 23.) Often subpinnate, without runners, 

 pale green ; leaves small, round-rhombic, decurrent, bifid | their length ; cells 

 quadrate-hexagonal, pellucid, dioecious; inner iuvolucral leaves 3-4 times as 

 long as the outer ; perianth linear-fusiform, 3-plaited when young, triangular 

 only above when mature, ciliate or toothed, fleshy ; calyptra fleshy, oval-glo- 

 bose ; capsule rather short-pedicelled ; spores cinnamon-color. On the ground 

 and rotten wood; common. (Eu.) 



3. C. pleniceps, Underw. Stems very short, branching, densely ces- 

 pitose, pale green or whitish ; leaves thick, orbicular, strongly concave, sub- 

 clasping but not decurrent, bifid their length, the acute lobes incurved and 

 strongly couuiveut; involucral leaves oblong, palmately 2 -4-cleft, the ventral 

 like the uuderleaves ; perianth large, oblong-cylindric, obtusely angled, the 

 plicate mouth denticulate. (Juugermannia pleuiceps, Aust.) Among Sphag- 

 num in the White Mts. (Oakes}. 



