714 JUNGERMANNIACE.fi. ( SCALE-MOSSES.) 



the valves. Antheridia 3 - 20, in the axils of small saccate leaves, which are 

 scarcely imbricate or crowded into terminal heads. (Name from <SK.VKO.VIOV, a 

 shovel, from the form of the perianth.) 



* Leaf-lobes somewhat equal. 



1. S. subalpina, Dumort. Leaves equidistant, imbricate, cleft nearly to 

 the middle, the roundish obtuse lobes denticulate on the outer margin ; peri- 

 anth much exceeding the iuvolucral leaves, obovate from a narrow base, 

 denticulate. Mountains of N. Eng. (Oakes, Austin); L. Superior (Gillman, 

 Macoun). (Eu.) 



2. S. glaucocephala, Aust. Stems short, cespitose, creeping or as- 

 cending, subsimple, with numerous offshoots ; leaf-lobes broadly ovate, entire, 

 mostly obtuse and apiculate ; iuvolucral leaves sometimes denticulate ; peri- 

 anth small, subcuneate, entire. (Jungermauuia glaucocephala, Tayl.; S. 

 Peckii, A ust.) On rotten wood, N. Eug. to N. Y. and Canada. 



* * Lower lobe about twice the size of the upper, except near the summit. 

 -i- Leaves broader than long ; upper lobes rounded or blunt. 



3. S. undulata, Dumort. (PL 24.) Ascending or erect, slightly branched; 

 leaves lax, spreading, entire or ciliate-deuticulate, the lobes round-trapezoidal, 

 equal at the summit of the stem ; perianth oblong-incurved, nearly entire, 

 twice as long as the outer involucre. In woods, damp meadows, and rills ; 

 common, especially in mountain districts. Var. PURPUKEA, Nees; a form 

 with long lax stems and rose-colored or purplish leaves. (Eu.) 



4. S. irrigua, Dumort. Creeping; leaves somewhat rigid, repand, deeply 

 lobed ; lobes rounded, submucronate, the lower appressed, the upper convex 

 with incurved apex ; perianth ovate, denticulate. (S. compacta, var. irrigua, 

 Aust.) Wet places, N. J., Catskill Mts., mountains of N. Eng., and north- 

 ward. (Eu.) 



t- *- Leaves longer than broad ; upper lobes more or less acute. 



5. S. nemorosa, Dumort. Rather stout, flexuose, creeping at base , 

 leaves rather distant, decurreiit on both sides, ciliate-deutate, the lower lobe 

 obovate, obtuse, slightly convex, the upper cordate, acute, concave ; perianth 

 densely ciliate; capsule large, roundish-ovate, reddish-brown. (S. breviflora, 

 Tayl.) On rocks, etc., in swamps and rills ; common and variable. (Eu.) 



6. S. Oakesii, Aust. Leaves obovate, somewhat spreading, often de- 

 flexed, closely complicate, convex, the lower lobe coarsely dentate, and with 

 deep purple spur-like teeth on the keel, the upper roundish and less dentate ; 

 perianth usually dentate. White Mts. (Oakes, Austin). 



* * * Lower lobes 3-4 times the size of the upper. 



7. S. exsecta, Aust. Ascending ; leaves subcomplicate, entire, the lower 

 lobe ovate, acute or bidentate, concave, the upper small and tooth-like ; invo- 

 lucral leaves 3-5-cleft; perianth oblong, obtuse, plicate. (Jungermannia ex- 

 secta, Schmidel.) High mountains, far northward; rare. Perhaps better 

 retained in Juugermauuia. (Eu.) 



8. S. umbrosa, Dumort. Stems short, decumbent, slightly branched; 

 leaf-lobes ovate, acute, serrate ; perianth incurved, naked at the mouth. 

 White Mts.; rare. The tips of the shoots are frequently covered with a 

 dark mass of gemmae. (Eu.) 



