718 JUNGERMANNIACE^E. (SCALE-MOSSES.) 



leaves 2 or 4. Perianth terete, the lower half thickened. Calvptra flesh v, con- 

 fluent with the perianth for g its length. Capsule oval. Autheridia 1 or 2 hi 

 the axils of bracts terminal on slender branches. (Name from apwn, a sickle, 

 and &vQos,floicer.) 



1. H. SCUtatUS, Spruce. Stems filiform, decumbent, usually simple; 

 leaves smaller at the base and apex of the stems, roundish-ovate, concave, 

 sharply bidentate, the apex lunate or acute ; uuderleaves large, acuminate 

 mvolucral leaves two, 2-3-cleft, the upper aduate to the perianth; perianth 

 ovate, becoming obovate, obscurely 3-4-plicate, splitting above on one side; 

 capsule deep brown. (Juugermannia scutata, Weber.) On rotten logs in 

 damp places ; common. (Eu.) 



H. FLOTOVIANUS, Nees. (PI. 23.) Stems flexuous, procumbent, mostly 

 unbrauched ; leaves ovate-orbicular, horizontal, the apex contracted and emar- 

 gmate with a shallow sinus ; uuderleaves large, ovate or lanceolate, obliquely 

 inserted, entire or more often toothed on one or both sides near the middle ; 

 dioecious; perianth subcylindric, slightly sickle-shaped, the mouth pointed at 

 first, notched on one side and finally crenulate ; antheridia elliptic, single in 

 the base of swollen leaves. ( Pleuranthe olivaeea, Taj/1.) " North America " 

 (Dfuinmund), but not collected recently ; certainly extralimital. 



23. LIOCHLJENA, Nees. (PI. 25.) 



Leaves succubotis, ovate-oblong, entire or slightly retuse ; underleaves none. 

 Dioecious or monoecious. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, like the cauliue ; perianth 

 P3 r riform, becoming cylindric, incurved, abruptly rounded at the summit, 

 the minute orifice prominently ciliolate. Capsule oblong, long-exserted. 

 Elaters attached to the middle of the valves. Spores minute, globose. An- 

 theridia in the axils of ordinary leaves. Archegonia 5-12. (Name from 

 A.SJOS, smooth, and x^ a <" a > a cloak, referring to the perianth.) 



1. L. lanceolata, Nees. Closely creeping, branched ; leaves sometimes 

 decurreut ; iuvolucral leaves vertical ; perianth at right angles with the stem ; 

 monoecious. On banks and rotten logs ; not rare. (Eu.) 



24. JUNGERMANNIA, Micheli. (PI. 25.) 



Leaves succubous, rarely subtransverse, entire, lobed or dentate, the margins 

 never recurved ; underleaves present or none. Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit 

 terminal. Iuvolucral leaves 4 or fewer, like the cauliue or more incised, free ; 

 perianth laterally compressed or terete, usually 3- 10-carinate, the usually 

 small mouth entire or toothed. Calvptra oval-pyriform. Capsule globose or 

 oblong, rarely cylindric. Spores minute, smooth or roughish. Archegonia 

 8-70. (Named for L. Jungermann, a German botanist of the 17th century.) 



1. JUNGERMANNIA proper. Leaves orbicular or ovate, entire or barely 

 retuse; underleaves none (very small in n. 1). 



1. J. Schraderi, Martins. (PI. 25.) Creeping, flexuous; leaves round- 

 elliptic, entire, ascending; uuderleaves broadly subulate, not apparent on old 

 stems ; involucral leaves large, elongated, the inner smaller and more or less 

 laciniate ; perianth oval-obovate, ascending. On the ground and rotten logs; 

 common. (Eu.) 



2. J. sphserocarpa, Hook. Stems creeping, the tips ascending, sub- 

 simple, greenish ; leaves semi-vertical, rather rigid, orbicular, obliquely spread- 





