JUNGERMANNIACE^E. (SCALE-MOSSES.) 723 



(Cesia concinuata, S. F. Gray.) Alpine regions of the White Mts. (Oakes). 

 Grayish or silvery-olive. (Eu.) 



28. FOSSOMBRONIA, Raddi. (PI. 23.) 



Stems thalloicl, with large subquadrate succubous leaves ; underleaves none. 

 Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal or by innovation dorsal on the main 

 stem. Involucral leaves 5-6 (in our species), small, subulate, adnate. Peri- 

 anth open-campauulate or obpyramidal, crenate-lobed. Calyptra free, sub- 

 globose. Capsule short-pedicelled, globose, irregularly valved. Elaters very 

 short, 1-3- (mostly 2-) spiral, free. Spores large, very rough. Antheridia 

 2-3, short-pedicelled, naked. Perfect archegouia 2-3. (Named for V. Fos- 

 sombroni, an Italian Minister of State.) 



* Plant large or of medium size; stems mostly simple. 



1. F. pusilla, Dumort. (PI. 23.) Stems 6-10" long; leaves retuse, 

 entire or irregularly indented ; perianth obconic, dentate ; elaters short and 

 thick ; spores brown, depressed-globose-tetrahedral, 40 n broad, crested, the 

 slender crests pellucid, rarely becoming confluent. On damp ground. Its 

 occurrence in America is doubtful. (Eu.) 



2. F. Dumortieri, Liudb. Cespitose, greenish or brownish-yellow; 

 stems 3-6" long, 1" wide, shortly bifurcate; rootlets copious, purple; leaves 

 numerous, smaller toward each end of the stem ; monoecious ; perianth large, 

 broadly obpyramidal; calyptra nearly as long ; elaters scanty ; spores globose- 

 tetrahedral yellowish-brown, regularly pitted. White Mts. (Farlow), N. J. 

 (Austin), and perhaps elsewhere; confused with n. 1. 



3. F. angu!6sa, Raddi. Stems narrowly forked at the apex ; leaves 

 horizontal, subquadrate, the upper undulate-lobed ; dioecious ; perianth dilated- 

 conic, crenate ; spores brownish-yellow, globose-tetrahedral, not depressed, 

 30 fj. broad, deeply reticulated, the reticulations large, 5 - 6-augled. Brackish 

 meadows, common; fruiting in early spring. (Eu.) 



* * Plant minute; stems forked or fastigiatcly divided. 



4. F. cristula, Aust. Stems 1 - 2" long ; leaves whitish, quadrate or 

 round-obovate, subentire, strongly crisped-undulate ; capsule immersed on a 

 short pedicel ; elaters short, more or less diverse, with a single narrow annular 

 and spiral fibre ; spores pale fuscous, more or less tuberculate. On moist 

 sand in unfrequented paths, Batsto, N. J. (Austin). 



29. PALLAVICINIA, S. F. Gray. (PI. 22.) 



Thallus with a distinct costa. Fruit arising from the costa, at first terminal, 

 becoming dorsal. Dioecious. Involucre cup-shaped, short-lacerate. Perianth 

 long-tubular, denticulate. Calyptra irregularly lacerate. Capsule slender- 

 cylindric. Elaters slender, free. Spores minute. Antheridia dorsal, covered 

 with minute fimbriate scales. (Named for L. Pallavicini, Archbishop of 

 Genoa.) 



1. P. Ly611ii, S. F. Gray. Thallus thin, 1 - 4' long, 3 - 5" wide, simple or 

 bifid, the margin entire, slightly crenate or serrate ; cells large, oblong-hex- 

 agonal ; perianth erect, fleshy (5 cells thick below), the somewhat constricted 

 mouth lobate-ciliolate ; pedicel long, exceeding the thallus ; capsule cylindric, 



