X CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



SECTION II TENDING OF CROWDED WOODS AFTER EARLY YOUTH . 198 



A. Removal of Dead, Injured, or otherwise Undesirable Trees . 199 



B. Pruning: 200 



1. Objects of Pruning 200 



2. Dangers connected with Pruning 202 



3. Execution of Pruning 204 



C. Thinning- . . . . 206 



1. General . . . . 206 



2. The most suitable Growing Space 208 



3. The Theory of Thinning 212 



4. Thinning of Mixed Woods 217 



5. Thinning of Coppice Woods 218 



6. Principal Advantages of Thinning 218 



7. Execution of Thinnings 220 



SECTION III. TENDING OF OPEN WOODS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF 



LARGE TIMBER 221 



1. The Theory 221 



2. Principal Forms of Treatment 223 



3. Execution of the Work . . 228 



CHAPTER IV. 

 SYLVICULTURAL NOTES ON BRITISH FOREST TREES . . 229 



1. Beech . . . 230 



2. Hornbeam 237 



3. Oak v 241 



4. Ash 248 



5. Elm . . . 2.">2 



6. Sweet Chestnut 256 



7. Maple 259 



8. Common Alder 263 



9. Birch . 267 



