72 A MANUAL OF FORESTRY. 



All woody plants can be successfully raised from 

 seed, but only certain species from suckers, layers, or 

 cuttings. 



Rooted plants are distinguished from plants without 

 roots. Seedlings, suckers, root cuttings, and layers 

 when they have become independent individuals, are 

 rooted ; cuttings taken from the stem or branches are 

 without roots at starting, but they may become rooted 

 by placing them in a nursery before putting them out 

 into the forest. 



Complete or incomplete plants ; the former have their 

 roots, stem and branches entire, while in the case of the 

 latter, parts of the plants may have been pruned away. 



Seedlings or transplants. The former are plants 

 which are transferred direct from the seed-bed to the 

 forest ; the latter, those which were previously pricked 

 out, once or several times, in the nursery. 



Plants with or without halls, or lumps of earth in 

 which the roots are imbedded. 



Plants may be classified, according to size, as small, 

 middle sized, and large plants, but the limits of each 

 class differ according to the kind of plant, as well as to 

 locality and custom. 



3. Quality of Plants. 



The success of planting operations is governed by the 

 quality of the plants which are used, just as the success 

 of direct sowings depends on the quality of the seed. 

 Hence, only healthy vigorous plants should be used, 

 which are likely to bear well the interruption of growth 

 involved in the transfer from one locality to another, 



