118 A MANUAL OF FORESTRY. 



the methods of planting remain the same, except in so 

 far as the more limited space may necessitate slight 

 modifications. The preparation of the trenches and 

 ridges has been described above under Direct Sowing 

 (pages 67 and 69). There is, however, a method of 

 monnd-planting on ordinary soil, which will be 

 described separately. 



In planting, an opening is made in the ground, into 

 which the plant is inserted. The size and shape of the 

 opening depends on the nature of the plant and the tool 

 used for the production of the opening. Accordingly 

 the following methods may be distinguished : 



1. Planting with balls of earth. 



2. Planting without balls of earth. 



a. With hoe or spade. 



b. With peg or staff. 



c. Notching. 



3. Mound planting. 



1. Planting with Balls of Earth. 



Preparation of the Planting Hole. This depends on the 

 size of the ball. Small and middle-sized plants lifted by 

 the circular or semi-conical spade respectively (page 86), 

 are placed into holes made with the same instruments ; 

 such holes are wider by the thickness of the iron than 

 the breadth of the balls, which can thus be easily 

 inserted. 



For plants with large balls, the pits must be consider- 

 ably larger than the balls ; they are made with the hoe 

 or ordinary spade. 



Putting in the Plant. The top of the ball should be 



