NATURAL REGENERATION. 105 



restricted to the side branches and the upper part of the 

 stem. Accordingly a distinction may be made between 

 regeneration from the root, stool, or stem. Of these, 

 reproduction by stool-shoots is by far the most impor- 

 tant, but as in many cases it occurs together with 

 reproduction by suckers, the two will be dealt with 



together. 



i 



1. Regeneration ly Stool-Shoots and Suckers. 



It has already been explained that regeneration follows 

 the cutting over of the trees. Where stool-shoots are 

 wanted, the cutting over takes place close to the ground, 

 followed by a clump of shoots which spring either from 

 adventitious buds formed on the callus near the edge of 

 the cut, or from dormant buds on the neck of the stool. A 

 similar mode of cutting is employed where both stool- 

 shoots and suckers are wanted. If only the latter are 

 desired, the stump may be removed, and only the roots left. 



The success of this system of regeneration depends on 

 many things, of which the following require special 

 attention. 



a. Species. 



Of the species growing in temperate Europe only 

 broad-leaved trees and shrubs are adapted to the method, 

 and even amongst these great differences exist in re- 

 generative power.* 



&. Age of Wood at Time of Cutting. 



Generally, reproduction is most powerful during youth 

 up to the period of principal height-growth, and under 



* See page 175 of Volume I. 



