180 A MANUAL OF FORESTRY. 



2. Combination of Artificial Formation with Regeneration 

 by Stool-Shoots or Suckers. 



This combination occurs constantly in coppice woods, 

 where stools, which have died or become diseased, are 

 replaced artificially by putting in strong plants or slips, 

 and in some cases by sowing seed, such as acorns or 

 chestnuts. Only in rare cases are such stools replaced 

 by natural seedlings. 



3. Combination of Natural Regeneration by Seed with 

 Regeneration by Stool-Shoots and Suckers. 



This case may occur in high forest, where the seed- 

 ling trees have been injured by frost, game, cattle, mice, 

 hail, &c. ; it may then be advisable to cut them back 

 in order to get strong healthy shoots. 



The combination occurs further in coppice with 

 standards. Here it is desirable that the standards 

 should be seedling trees, and their regeneration may be 

 effected by the seed falling naturally on the ground. 



4. Combination of Artificial Formation with Natural 

 Regeneration by Seed and by Shoots. 



It occurs in coppice with standards, when a sufficient 

 number of the latter cannot be obtained by natural rege- 

 neration. 



SECTION IY. FORMATION OF MIXED WOODS. 



The various methods of forming a wood described 

 in the previous sections of this chapter are applic- 



