SYLVICULTUKAL NOTES ON OAK. 24 J 



1 M'(>ch. In addition, the larvae of the "Winter moth, Chci- 

 matolia Irumata, strip the Hornbeam of its young leaves. 



/ W// ; Exoascus Carpini produces witch's broom ; 

 cancer on stems and branches is produced either by 

 Nectria ditixxtma or by frost. 



On the whole, Hornbeam woods require little tending. 

 The tree stands any amount of pruning. The thinnings 

 aiv done on similar lines to t^ose referring to Beech, 

 during the first half of life ; afterwards Hornbeam thins 

 out naturally more rapidly than Beech. 



3. OAK= Quercus (Tournef.). 



The two species of Oak which will be dealt with are 

 the English or pedunculate Oak = Quercus pedunculata, 

 Ehrb., and the Sessile-flowered Oak = Quercus sessiliflora, 

 Salisb. From a sylvicultural point of view they are so 

 much alike that they may be taken together, any 

 differences being specially noted. 



a. Utility. 



Oak timber is the most valuable of the indigenous 

 species ; it is heavy, hard, very durable, and splits well ; 

 it makes a good fuel. It is used for many purposes, in 

 shipbuilding, housebuilding, implements, machinery, 

 manufacture of casks (as split wood) in fact for any 

 purpose where a strong durable timber is required. 

 The bark yields an excellent tanning material. The 

 acorns are good fodder for pigs and deer, and are 

 also used for tanning and dyeing. Specific gravity of 

 air-dried wood : Pedunculate Oak = '86, Sessile-flowered 

 Oak = -74. 



VOL. II. 



