24-2 A MANUAL OP FORESTRY. 



b. Distribution. 



Pedunculate Oak. All over Europe up to 60th degree 

 of latitude, in North Africa, and eastwards to Syria. It is 

 a tree of the low lands, but goes up to 1500 feet elevation 

 in England, to 3000 feet in the Alps, and to 4500 feet in 

 Greece. It is indigenous in England, Ireland, and in 

 Scotland up to Sutherland; it ascends to 1350 feet in 

 the Highlands. 



Sessile Oak. Does not go beyond the 54th degree of 

 latitude, but rises higher in the hills, up to 4000 feet in 

 the Alps, and to more than 6000 feet on Mount Etna. 

 Somewhat more a tree of the low hills than the pedun- 

 culate Oak, but becomes a tree of the low lands in the 

 northern part of Europe. 



The pedunculate Oak is much more frequent in 

 Britain than the sessile Oak, but the latter is said 

 to be commoner in Wales. 



c. Locality. 



Climate. Oak requires warm air ; it suffers from late 

 frosts, but not so much as Beech, as it sprouts later 

 in spring; it also suffers from severe winter frosts. 

 It is a light-demanding species, which should have its 

 head free to the full enjoyment of light. It does not 

 require much moisture in the air. It is more storm- 

 firm than any other indigenous species. 



The sessile Oak requires somewhat less warmth in 

 the air than the pedunculate species ; hence it goes 

 higher in mountains. 



Soil. Oak requires a soil which is deep, at least 

 fresh, warm, and fertile ; it accommodates itself to moist 



