SYLVICULTURAL NOTES OX ELM. 253 



b. Distribution. 



The Common Elm. Central and South. Europe, North 

 Africa and Siberia; goes up to 4,000 feet in the Alps. 

 It is found in England, up to an elevation of 1,500 

 feet in Derbyshire, also in Ireland, rarer in Scotland. 

 Introduced into England, where it does not, as a rule, 

 bear fertile seed. \ 



Wycli Elm. Europe and Siberia. Indigenous in 

 Britain, going north to Sutherland, also in Ireland. 

 Ascends to 1,300 feet in Yorkshire. 



c. Locality. 



Climate. Elm requires a mild climate, but is not 

 sensitive to late frost. It is a light-demanding tree, 

 but less so than Oak and Ash. It is storm-firm. 



Soil. Elm demands a deep, fairly porous, moist and 

 fertile soil to do well ; hence it is mostly found on allu- 

 vial soils in low lands and valleys. The Wych Elm is 

 somewhat less exacting than the Common Elm. 



d. Shape and Development. 



The Elm divides into branches at about half its height. 

 The crown of the Common Elm is narrow and tends up- 

 wards ; the Wych Elm has a broader crown. The root- 

 system consists of a tap-root with numerous side roots ; 

 at an advanced age the system becomes comparatively 

 shallower. It grows quicker than Oak, but rather slower 

 than Ash, and reaches an ultimate height of about 110 

 feet; the Common Elm under specially favourable 



