272 A MANUAL OP FORESTRY. 



the manufacture of gunpowder. The bark is used for 

 tanning. The Osier yields the largest quantity of 

 material for basket-work, but various other species are 

 grown for the same purpose. 



a. Common Sallow. 



The Sallow occurs all over Europe, North and "West 

 Asia, Himalayas. It is found in Great Britain, up 

 to Inverness, and in Ireland. It ascends to 2,000 feet 

 in the Highlands and to about 5,000 feet in the 

 Alps. 



It is a tree of the low lands and outer hills, prefers a 

 fresh soil, but can do even with dry soil ; appears on 

 calcareous soils. The tree is little exacting in respect of 

 climate, and hardy. It is light-demanding, of quick 

 growth, and has a thin crown which cannot do justice to 

 the soil. 



It is treated as coppice wood, under a rotation of 

 10 to 15 years, having a good reproductive power 

 from the stool, yields only fire-wood, withes and 

 fascine wood. It appears plentifully in high forest, 

 but is generally removed in the cleanings and early 

 thinnings. 



The seed of this Willow ripens in May or June, and 

 must be sown at once, as it does not preserve its germi- 

 nating power. Sowings of Willow are, however, never 

 made in Sylviculture. The tree is propagated by cuttings. 

 These are cut, from a foot in length and upwards, from 

 the previous year's wood, though older wood may also be 

 used. The cuttings may be placed into a nursery for one 

 year, or planted out at once. Unless the soil is very 



