SYLVICULTURAL NOTES ON SCOTCH PINE. 301 



early youth. It suffers, however, very much from snow 

 and rime, and Scotch Pine woods are much exposed to 

 fires ; to protect them against the latter, regular fire traces 

 must be cleared and a strict watch kept, during dry 

 weather, over the use of fire in the woods and in their 

 vicinity. The tree is not much subject to be thrown by 

 wind, except on a shallow soil over an impermeable 

 stratum ; its branches and top are, however, liable to 

 be broken. 



Scotch Pine is nibbled by cattle and game, but rarely 

 peeled. Eabbits do much damage by peeling the bark 

 of young trees near the ground, and squirrels by peeling 

 them later on in the upper part. The number of these 

 animals should be reduced by shooting, or trapping 

 in the case of rabbits. 



Scotch Pine is liable to a greater variety of insect 

 injuries than any other tree, especially when grown on 

 poor soil. Seedlings are destroyed by wire-worms, 

 Tipula larvae, and millipedes, also by chafer-grubs. 

 Young plants (2 to 5 years) are injured by root-feeding 

 bark-beetles (Hylastes\ and they are gnawed by 

 numerous weevils, especially Hylolius abietis, which 

 kills a large number. The needles are destroyed by 

 the larvse of Liparis monacha, Fidonia, Trachea, and 

 other moths ; Lophyrus pini and other sawflies ; and on 

 the Continent by Gastropacha pini, which frequently 

 kills the trees. Retinia Iarva3 cripple the terminal 

 shoots, which are also thinned out by Hylurgus 

 piniperda. Many weevils, Pissodes, Magdalinus, Tomicus 

 bidentatus, &c., live in the bark and twigs. The 

 Siricidce and Longicorn beetles live in and destroy the 

 wood. 



