SYLVICULTURAL NOTES ON AUSTRIAN PINE. 308 



17. BLACK OR AUSTRIAN T > nxE = Pmus Laricio (Poir.), 



var. austriaca. 



f 



a. Utility. 



The Austrian Pine yields a . light soft wood, which is 

 very rich in turpentine, and very durable. Specific 

 gravity, air-dried, = *57. It is a good building timber, and 

 the tree yields more turpentine than any other European 

 conifer. The needles are used in the manufacture of an 

 article which comes into commerce as "forest wool." 



b. Distribution. 



Lower Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia and 

 the south-eastern Alps, where it ascends to about 

 4500 feet. Introduced into Britain during the present 

 century. 



c. Locality. 



Climate. The tree is frost-hardy and not sensitive to 

 drought. It demands light, but stands more shade than 

 the Scotch Pine, standing between that tree and the 

 "Weymouth Pine. It prefers dry air, and is storm-firm. 

 Suffers much from snow and rime, even more than 

 Scotch Pine. 



Soil. It likes a moderately deep, porous and fairly 

 moist soil, which need not be fertile. In its natural home 

 it is chiefly found on calcareous soils, especially over 

 dolomite formations, but it thrives almost equally well 

 on any other formation. Its demands on fertility and 

 moisture are even less than those of the Scotch Pine, so 

 that it grows on shallow dry soils, even on rocks. It is 



