826 A MANUAL OF FORESTRY. 



Leaves in pairs, rather short, glaucous, stiff; lasting 

 about 3 years. 



Male cones rosy to yellow. Female cones single, or 

 few together ; at first dark-green, then brown, small. 

 They take 2 years to complete, and persist about a year 

 after shedding seed. 



"Wood honey-coloured to reddish brown. Yery resin- 

 ous. Annual rings very distinct; medullary rays 

 almost invisible. 



Seeds winged, small ; wings obliquely pointed. Cotyle- 

 dons about 6, curving up ; hypocotyl often red. Dead 

 cotyledons hang on through the first winter. 



5. BLACK OR AUSTRIAN PINE. 

 Pinus Laricio (Poir.), var. Austriaca. Abietineae. 



Moderately tall tree, very variable in habit, and often 

 resembling P. sylvestris, but darker and thicker foliage. 

 The coarse scaly bark is formed higher up the trunk, and 

 the scales are more violet or blackish, with silvery streaks. 

 Young twigs dark green. 



Buds long oval. Leaves in pairs; longer, thicker, 

 and at length darker than P. sylvestris. 



Female cones also larger, with broader, almost sessile 

 base, and more spreading scales when old. Yellow-brown 

 with bright apophyses. 



Wood indistinguishable from resinous specimens of 

 that of P. sylvestris. 



Seeds like those of P. sylvestris, but rather larger. 

 Cotyledons usually 7 or 8, and longer than in P. syl- 

 vestris. Hypocotyl glaucous or reddish. 



