328 A MANUAL OF FORESTRY. 



elongating shoots, but tufts of a dozen or more on the 

 short ones. Deciduous. 



Male cones shortly ovoid, yellow-green, and irregularly 

 arranged along the branches. Female cones crimson and 

 soft at first, rapidly attaining maturity, and then the 

 thin scales become leather-brown. Barren scales pointed 

 and short. 



Wood : yellowish white narrow alburnum, red or 

 nearly brown heart, with very distinct dark autumn 

 zones. Eesinous and irregularly knotted. 



Seeds small and rather rounded, with nearly triangular 

 wings. Cotyledons 6 (vary from 4 to 8), green, dying 

 off the first autumn. 



8. ALDER. 

 Alnus glutinosa (Gaertn.). Betulaceae. 



Moderate-sized, dark-hued tree. Young branches 

 greenish brown to olive, with glands and large lenticels. 

 Bark dark brown, with large plates. 



Buds rather large, fat, and stalked; ovoid obtuse, 

 smooth, sticky, and showing 2 or 3 scales of a dark 

 greenish brown colour. 



Leaves more or less viscid, alternate, petiolate, 

 obo^vate or almost orbicular, and irregularly truncate at 

 the apex ; somewhat irregularly toothed ; dark bright 

 green above. 



Flowers in moncBcious catkins, showing in winter; 

 the male catkins long, cylindrical and pendulous, the 

 female cone-like in general appearance, and dark green. 

 Female flowers in pairs. 



