230 THE NORMAL AGE CLASSES. 



over the area of the forest is of special importance in the case 

 of species which are easily thrown by wind, liable to attacks 

 by insects, to danger from fire or frost, and also those which are 

 difficult to regenerate naturally. In all these cases a distribu- 

 tion must be aimed at which allows the cutting of each wood 

 when mature, without thereby endangering on the one hand the 

 adjoining woods, and on the other the successful regeneration 

 of the cleared area. 



The above considerations must specially guide the forester 

 in the case of forests worked under the systems of clear- 

 cutting and of the shelter-wood compartment system. They 

 are of less importance in coppice, coppice with standards, and 

 selection forests ; but even here the cutting direction should 

 be carefully determined. 



At the same time the forester should not go to extremes, as 

 there is something to be said on both sides. 



Reasons for adjoining the annual coupes are : 



(1) Best security against damage by storms. 



(2) Reduction to a minimum of damage by overhanging trees. 



(3) Reduction of the cost of transport of forest produce. 



Reasons against adjoining the annual coupes are : 



(1) Increase of danger through fire, insects, and dry winds. 



(2) Defective protection of young growth against raw winds. 



The subject will again be referred to in Part IV. when 

 dealing with the division and allotment of areas. 



