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CHAPTEE II. 



DIVISION AND ALLOTMENT OP THE FOREST AREA. 



1. The Working Circle. 



BY a working circle is understood that area which is 

 managed under the provisions of one and the same working 

 plan. 



The area of a working circle depends on local conditions. 

 Its minimum size would be the area of a property belonging 

 to the same owner ; the maximum will ordinarily be the area 

 forming one executive charge or range. 



The division of an extensive property into ranges depends 

 chiefly on : 



(1) The situation, and 



(2) The intensity of management. 



In the case of scattered blocks, in hilly country, or where 

 means of rapid locomotion are wanting, a range will comprise 

 a smaller area than if the property is consolidated, situated on 

 level ground, or where railways and other means of locomotion 

 enable the range officer to move rapidly from one part of his 

 charge to the other. 



In forests which yield a small return, the ranges may be 

 large ; where the money yield is high, it pays best to make the 

 ranges small, so that an intense and detailed management may 

 be possible. 



In some cases one range officer may manage several working 

 circles ; for instance, if the owners of several small properties 

 join in employing one officer for the management of their 

 forest property. That case occurs frequently in many Euro- 

 pean States, where Government forest officers manage both the 

 forests of the State and of Communes. 



