and 



HUNDESHAGEN'S METHOD. 821 



F. /7 _ Y Cr 



real ^* real * norm. ^ norm. 



Y 



Y r 1 v 



^-Cr r X^-. 



In words, the real yield is equal to the real growing stock 

 multiplied by the normal yield and divided by the normal grow- 



" Y 

 ing stock. Hundeshagen calls the quotient *, by which the 



^* 



real growing stock is multiplied, the " utilization per cent." 

 (More correctly this indicates only the rate of utilization, 



Y 



whereas the utilization per cent, is - x 100.) 



G 



The normal yield is placed equal to the normal increment, 

 or equal to the contents of the oldest age gradation in a 

 normal series of age classes. The normal growing stock is 

 obtained by adding up the volumes given in a suitable yield 

 table ; under the real growing stock Hundeshagen understands 

 that which is actually standing in the forest. 



In applying the method, Hundeshagen does not ask for a 

 general working plan, except for a limited number of years; he 

 is satisfied with determining the species, sylvicultural system, 

 general lines of management, the rotation and general rules 

 for the grouping of the age classes; he leaves it to the 

 manager to select the woods for cutting from time to time, 

 say every five or ten years. 



As the yield is determined by the growing stock which 

 happens to exist, and as this practically changes from year to 

 year, it would, theoretically speaking, be necessary to re- 

 measure the growing stock every year, but as the changes are 

 slow, Hundeshagen considers it sufficient if the re-measuring 

 is done once every 20 or 30 years. 



Hundeshagen determines, in the manner above described, 

 only the final returns; he adds the intermediate returns, 

 estimated in a summary manner, or calculated according to 

 average data obtained locally. 



VOL. III. T 



