APPENDIX C. 3fi7 



method of treatment thereby indicated. The actual basis of this 

 grouping is the yield, and based upon it, the net income or financial 

 result of the management. In this sense the forest may be divided 

 into the following three groups : 



a. Areas subjected to an intensive Management. To this group 

 belong all areas which, in virtue of their quality (as indicated mainly 

 by the height growth of the trees on fully stocked areas) are capable 

 of producing large timber ; areas on which carefully conducted 

 regeneration fellings will produce natural regeneration within a 

 reasonable period of time, and where the cost of any artificial 

 assistance in regeneration is. commensurate with the anticipated 

 returns. As lowest limit of this group a normal increment of 

 43 cubic feet per year and acre, calculated for a rotation of 120 

 years, has been fixed. The area thus included in the group amounts 

 to 78 per cent, of the whole. It is with this area, and the growing 

 stock standing on it, that the management must more especially 

 reckon, and from which the largest possible sustained yield must be 

 secured. With a suitable composition of the growing stock and a 

 careful application of sylvicultural principles, that object may be 

 obtained under an average rotation of 120 years. 



As regards the sylvicultural treatment, and especially the regenera- 

 tion of the woods, two different classes of forest or growing stock 

 (corresponding with two qualities of locality) stand out prominently. 

 First: Forest of spruce with a strong admixture of silver fir (the 

 latter occasionally predominating) more or less frequently 

 interspersed with beech and more rarely with Scotch pine. 

 Secondly: Forest in which spruce predominates with a slight 

 admixture of silver fir and here and there of Scotch pine, but 

 devoid of beech. 



The first class of forest occurs in the granite area and on those 

 parts of the Bunter Sandstein (clay sandstone), which have deep 

 easily decomposed soils fit to be classed as good. The characteristic 

 features of this class of forest are the occurrence of beech and deep 

 soils, rarely covered with boulders or debris, lying mostly at the lower 

 elevations ; natural regeneration can here be successfully effected in 

 a comparatively short period of time. 



The second class of forest occupies the stony slopes of the Bunter 

 Sandstein area, and in exceptional cases the quartzite parts of the 

 granite area. Here the soil is generally covered with loose boulders 

 and rock debris of varying size. These areas are nearly all found at 

 the middle to upper elevations. The conditions described demand 



