14 



PROTECTION AGAINST MAN. 



the boundary marks are placed alternately on either side of 

 it, as in Fig. 5, but only on one side of it if the bank be the 

 boundary. , 



ft. Artificial Boundaries. 



Artificial boundary lines consist of : 

 Roads, or lines of boundary marks. 



The line of a road may have to be changed, especially at 

 certain points to reduce too steep a gradient, and this may be 

 an objection in some cases to a road as a permanent boundary, 

 but a well aligned road forms an excellent and economical 

 forest boundary, and facilitates the export of produce from 

 the forests on either side of it. 



Lines of boundary marks may be demarcated by mounds of 

 earth or stones ; by wooden or iron posts, masonry pillars, or 



cut stone blocks. All boundary 

 marks should be numbered con- 

 secutively, and the numbers on 

 them painted black or white accord- 

 ing to the colour of the marks. 

 The marks for each separate forest 

 property are usually numbered from 

 north to west and by south to east, 

 and on property boundary marks 

 the initial letter of the owner's 

 name may be added. Every enclo- 

 sure in a forest belonging to another 

 owner than that of the forest should 

 be surrounded by similarly num- 

 bered boundary marks. 



In case of any addition to a 

 forest involving fresh boundary 



marks being interposed between two formerly existing marks, 

 letters A, B, etc., may be added to the earlier number to denote 

 their position. 



Fig. 6 shows the usual mode of representing a line of 

 boundary marks, on a map. 



The nature of the boundary will differ according as the ad- 

 joining estate is woodland, or cleared for agriculture. In the 



Fig. 6. Artificial boundary line. 



