18 



PROTECTION AGAINST MAN. 



boundary runs along a field or meadow. Such ditches can 

 usually be dug except on very stony or steep ground ; they run 

 either along the entire boundary line from point to point, or 



Fig. 14. Template or mould-frame 

 for ditch. 



Fig. 13. Ditching- 

 spades. 



are intermittent. In either case they should stop a few feet 

 from the boundary marks. 



The earth dug out of the ditches should be placed on the 

 forest side of the ditch and a few feet from it (Fig. 9), or in 



Figs. 15 and 16. Boundary-ditch serving as a drain. 



the case of intermittent ditches it may be placed between them 

 as shown in Fig. 12. 



Intermittent ditches (Figs. 11 and 12) are usual on sloping 

 ground to prevent the formation of ravines. 



The section of the ditches depends on the nature of the soil, 

 but is generally 2 2J feet wide at the top and 8 10 inches 



