48 PROTECTION AGAINST MAN. 



in the forest. Wherever tender grasses are available, these 

 are exclusively grazed on. 



No diseased or sick cattle should be admitted, and from one- 

 tenth to one-fifteenth of the animals should be provided with 

 bells, those inclined to wander from the herd being chosen. 



The animals should be driven into the forest "only in flocks 

 or herds under the care of trustworthy herdsmen, who must 

 see that they do not crowd together, nor stray too far apart.. 

 A few horses may be attached to a herd of cattle, but cattle 

 and sheep should never be kept together to graze. The 

 herds must not be too great, not above 100 to 150 head. All 

 crowding and fast driving, and especially driving cattle with 

 dogs through young growth, must be forbidden. 



On slopes grazing animals are driven straight up from 

 below, and very slowly, in order, as much as possible, to avoid 

 damage by their tread. 



Shady places in old woods without undergrowth should be 

 selected for rest in the middle of the day, and must be near 

 water for the animals to drink. 



e. Herdsmen. 



Well-reputed, trustworthy people must be selected as herds- 

 men, and the owners of the cattle held responsible for damage 

 or breach of regulations, any failing in this respect being at 

 once reported and seriously dealt with. 



The forest manager should secure for himself a certain 

 influence in the appointment of the herdsmen, and endeavour 

 to get them to take interest in the welfare of the forest, by 

 rewards for good behaviour, and discouragement if they are 

 careless. If the herdsman chooses the proper moment, when 

 the beasts show an inclination to attack woody plants, to drive 

 them on to another pasture, and when to graze in young 

 woods, and selects old woods in wet weather in fact, if he has 

 the necessary power of observation and will use it for the 

 benefit of the forest, the damage done by grazing may become 

 quite inconsiderable. 



(13) Geese, etc. 



As regards domestic birds ; geese, fowls and pigeons may 

 damage a forest, the former spoiling the pasturage, and the 



