FOREST RIGHTS. 87 



goat* and sheep, which are highly detrimental to forest 

 growth, must be excluded, as in France they are by law, in 

 spite of any right to the contrary. If the number of beasts is 

 limited, sucklings are not counted in the total number admitted 

 to graze. Should the number be undefined, as is generally the 

 case, only so many head should be admitted into the forest as 

 can be provided for without serious injury to the forest. t 

 Unless specially stated, cattle intended for trade cannot share 

 in this right. The right-holder must engage a herdsman to 

 look after his cattle and is responsible for his conduct. The 

 beasts can enter and leave the forest by authorised paths only. 

 The fencing of closed areas is not obligatory on the forest 

 owner, although fences prevent much contention and further 

 his interests. The right of grazing his own cattle in his forest 

 appertains, in every case, to the forest owner, unless the con- 

 trary is specially laid down ; but he cannot graze them in 

 portions of the forest that are closed to the right-holders' 

 cattle. 



/. Acorns, Beech- Mast, and Fruits generally. 



The kinds of fruits to be collected will ordinarily be specified 

 in the deeds regarding the right. The fallen fruit can be 

 picked up only in compartments opened to the right, and on 

 fixed days ; the right-holder is held responsible for all damage 

 done to the standing-crop. Plucking the fruits, and the use 

 of iron rakes to collect it, are forbidden, and the usage must be 

 limited to household requirements. Compartments, the fruit 

 of which is required for natural regeneration, can be closed 

 against this right, which does not include the right of pannage. 



These rights do little or no damage to the forest. 



g. Pannage. 



This is the right to drive pigs into another person's forest 

 to feed off the acorns and beechnuts, etc., lying on the ground, 

 but the right of collecting the fruit by hand is not included. 



An estimate of the quantity of mast in any year on which 



* The possibility of prohibiting goats in India is discussed in " Forest Law," 

 p.349./. 



f See p. 332 " Forest Law " as to the rules for fixing the number. 



