RED-DEER. 107 



contain red-deer, Ihrig states -that in the Odenwald, at 

 Eulbach, 31 per cent, of the normal yield of hay is lost 

 annually by the grazing of red-deer, the loss being estimated 

 at 6 cwt. per acre, or 3J cwt. per head of deer, worth 24s. 

 (F. u. J. Zeitung, 1890, p. 451). The Exmoor deer feed 

 chiefly on the adjoining farm-crops, the damage they do being 

 very considerable. 



2. Protective Measures. 



Besides the general rules given above (p. 84), the following 

 special rules relate to red-deer : 



a. Maintenance of a Moderate Number of Deer. 



A sufficient number of deer must be killed annually so that 

 the stock in a forest is not incompatible with economic 

 forestry. 



As the term moderate varies with the species of tree grown, 

 the system of management, locality, nature of boundaries and 

 grass-production, it is impossible to give good average figures. 



According to G. L. Hartig, on 2,500 acres of forest the 

 stock of deer in the spring, before the young are born (May to 

 June) may be as follows : 



Uroadleaved Forest. Coniferous Forest. 



Red-deer. Roes. Wild Red-deer. Roes. Wild 

 Forests bordering on other Pig ft. Pigs. 



forests . . . . 8 ... 8 ... 4 12 ... 16 ... 4 



Forests bordering on fields . 4 ... 8 ... 4 ... 16 ... 



Forests surrounded by fields . 2 ... 8 ... 2 ... 12 ... 



Katzeburg considers 16 red-deer per 2,500 acres the proper 

 number. In Compie'gne forest, 20 deer for 2,500 acres are 

 allowed. 



Prince Charles of Schwartzenburg states that in Bohemia 

 15 to 35 head of red-deer are admissible, and places one red- 

 deer as equal to two fallow-deer or four roe-deer. Von 

 Dombrowski allows 40 head. These figures approach those 

 for a forest overstocked with deer. Unfortunately as many as 

 one head per 25 to 40 acres of woodland occur in many forests 

 in Thuringia, the Harz and Taunus, so that economic forestry 

 becomes impossible. 



