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CHAPTER III. 



PROTECTION AGAINST BIRDS.* 



SECTION I. GENERAL ACCOUNT. 



THE birds directly hurtful to forests belong to the orders 

 Gallinae or game-birds, Columlidae or pigeons, and Passeri- 

 formae or perching birds. 



1. List of Hurtful Birds. 

 Grouse (Tetraonidae). 



Capercailzie (Tetrao urogallus, L.). 

 Black game (Tetrao tetrix, L.). 

 Hazel-grouse (Bonasia silvcstris, Brehrn.). 



Pigeons (Columlidae). 



Bing-dove or Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus, L.). 

 Stock-dove (C. oenas, L.). 

 Turtle-dove (Turtur communis, L.). 



(Corvidac). 



Jay (Garrulus glandarius, Vieill.). 

 Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactcs, Briss.). 



Fimhes (Fringillidae). 



Hawfinch (Coccothraustes vulgaris, Briss.). 



Greenfinch (C. chloi'is, Briss.). 



Chaffinch (Fringilla coclebs, L.). 



Brambling (F. montifringilla, L.). 



Siskin (F. Spinus, L.). 



Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra, Gm.). 



Parrot Crossbill (L. pityopsittacns, Bchst.). 



* The scientific names are from Yarrell's " Britisli JJirds," 4th cd., 1882. 



