218 PROTECTION AGAINST INSECTS. 



or bilobed. Abdomen of 5 segments, of which the two first 

 are generally larger and united. Many species have no wings. 

 Generation usually annual, but it may last for two years, or 

 two broods may occur in one year. 



Larvae ttfSck-set, cylindrical, curved ventrally, the head 

 horny, the body soft-skinned, wrinkled and thinly hairy, 

 whitish and without feet. 



Pupae recognisable by the conspicuous snout and antennae, 

 generally with two posterior pointed processes. The larvae 

 and beetles eat the roots, bark, bast, wood, leaves, blossoms, 

 fruits or seeds of forest trees. 



There are no galleries made by the parent beetles for ovi- 

 position, but the eggs are placed in situ by means of the 

 snout. Some species are very destructive. Most of the 

 beetles drop to the ground from the plant at the slightest 

 shaking. 



1. Apoderus coryli, Fabr. 



a. Description. 



The beetle is 6 to 8 mm. long, bright red, with the head, 

 antennae, a median spot on the prothorax, and the underside 

 black. The elytra are rather short and much wider than the 

 narrow prothorax, with rows of strong punctures. 



b. Life-history, etc. 



The ? in May cuts the leaves of various broadleaved trees 

 by a transverse incision made towards the 

 base and reaching the mid-rib. She then 

 rolls the terminal part into a thick cylin- 

 drical roll, in which a single yellow egg is 

 laid. The larva feeds on the interior of the 

 roll, which subsequently becomes detached, 

 and when mature it pupates in the ground. 

 Fig. 83. Oak-leaf , The beetle is locally common, though 

 rolled up by A. cur- neyer abun fl ant chiefly on hazel, also 



cuhonoidcs, L. " 



(Natural size) on a ^er, oak, beech and hornbeam; it 



frequents young shrubs and undergrowth, 



and in the perfect state feeds by gnawing holes in the leaves. 



